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<p>In this study, a high-performance composite electrode was fabricated by integrating activated carbon cloth (ACC), 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (3DNDG), and cobalt-nickel sulfide (CoNi₂S₄) via a combination of sol-gel and electrochemical deposition methods. The resulting electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 705&#xa0;F g⁻¹ at 2&#xa0;A g⁻¹ and maintained 56% retention at 32&#xa0;A g⁻¹, showcasing excellent rate capability. The asymmetric supercapacitor device based on this electrode delivered an energy density of 32 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 700&#xa0;W kg⁻¹, and retained 93% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a low equivalent series resistance and charge transfer resistance, confirming efficient electron/ion transport. Analysis using the power-law equation showed a hybrid charge storage mechanism with b-values ranging from 0.58 to 0.76, indicating both capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes. Further quantitative analysis revealed dominant capacitive contributions at higher scan rates. The hierarchical porosity and nitrogen doping significantly enhanced the surface area and redox kinetics. These results establish ACC/3DNDG-CoNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> as a scalable, cost-effective, and high-efficiency material for next-generation energy storage systems.</p>

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High-performance composite electrode based on 3D nitrogen-doped graphene and cobalt-nickel sulfide (CoNi₂S₄) for supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Masoud Amir,
  • Farhad Golmohammadi,
  • Ali Ebrahimi Pure,
  • Meysam Safari

摘要

In this study, a high-performance composite electrode was fabricated by integrating activated carbon cloth (ACC), 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (3DNDG), and cobalt-nickel sulfide (CoNi₂S₄) via a combination of sol-gel and electrochemical deposition methods. The resulting electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 705 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and maintained 56% retention at 32 A g⁻¹, showcasing excellent rate capability. The asymmetric supercapacitor device based on this electrode delivered an energy density of 32 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 700 W kg⁻¹, and retained 93% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a low equivalent series resistance and charge transfer resistance, confirming efficient electron/ion transport. Analysis using the power-law equation showed a hybrid charge storage mechanism with b-values ranging from 0.58 to 0.76, indicating both capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes. Further quantitative analysis revealed dominant capacitive contributions at higher scan rates. The hierarchical porosity and nitrogen doping significantly enhanced the surface area and redox kinetics. These results establish ACC/3DNDG-CoNi2S4 as a scalable, cost-effective, and high-efficiency material for next-generation energy storage systems.