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<p>Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), as a flexible actuation material, faces limitations in applications due to issues such as the poor adhesion of conventional noble metal electrodes and complex fabrication processes. This study proposes a double-layer hot-pressing and electroless plating composite method (D-HPCP) for fabricating IPMC electrodes. Using Nafion117 membranes as the ion-exchange substrate and silver as the electrode material, a systematic investigation is conducted on the water content, electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance, and actuation behavior of IPMCs prepared under two distinct processing routes. Based on the classical Nernst-Planck formulation, a polarization charge contribution term is incorporated to derive theoretical expressions governing ion transport and actuation in multilayer IPMC structures. Validation is performed via COMSOL simulations. The results demonstrate that D-HPCP-produced IPMCs exhibit superior water retention (18.49%), electrochemical energy storage capacity, and steady-state output force compared to those prepared by HPCP, whereas HPCP yields larger output displacement. Theoretical predictions align well with simulation outcomes, indicating that the laminated structure enhances energy storage and stability through parallel capacitance coupling, although increased stiffness suppresses bending deformation. At a 1.0&#xa0;V electrochemical window and a scan rate of 0.5&#xa0;V/s, its CV curve maintains the highest enclosed area.This study provides both theoretical and experimental support for developing high-performance IPMC actuators, facilitating their engineering deployment across multiple fields.</p>

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Model and performance research of double layered ionic polymer metal composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Jintao Zhao,
  • Xinyang Wang,
  • Zhenjie Zhang,
  • Dongyu Yang,
  • Yanqi Dong,
  • Yang Cao

摘要

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), as a flexible actuation material, faces limitations in applications due to issues such as the poor adhesion of conventional noble metal electrodes and complex fabrication processes. This study proposes a double-layer hot-pressing and electroless plating composite method (D-HPCP) for fabricating IPMC electrodes. Using Nafion117 membranes as the ion-exchange substrate and silver as the electrode material, a systematic investigation is conducted on the water content, electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance, and actuation behavior of IPMCs prepared under two distinct processing routes. Based on the classical Nernst-Planck formulation, a polarization charge contribution term is incorporated to derive theoretical expressions governing ion transport and actuation in multilayer IPMC structures. Validation is performed via COMSOL simulations. The results demonstrate that D-HPCP-produced IPMCs exhibit superior water retention (18.49%), electrochemical energy storage capacity, and steady-state output force compared to those prepared by HPCP, whereas HPCP yields larger output displacement. Theoretical predictions align well with simulation outcomes, indicating that the laminated structure enhances energy storage and stability through parallel capacitance coupling, although increased stiffness suppresses bending deformation. At a 1.0 V electrochemical window and a scan rate of 0.5 V/s, its CV curve maintains the highest enclosed area.This study provides both theoretical and experimental support for developing high-performance IPMC actuators, facilitating their engineering deployment across multiple fields.