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<p>Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)-based proton exchange membranes have emerged as promising alternatives to Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells; however, their long-term mechanical and chemical stabilities remain key challenges for practical applications. In this work, a series of SPEEK composite membranes were fabricated by incorporating inorganic proton conductors zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a novel functional nanomaterial, into a SPEEK matrix with a degree of sulfonation (DS) of 63%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses confirmed the uniform dispersion of ZrP and LDHs within the polymer matrix and revealed the formation of continuous proton conduction pathways. The resulting composite membranes demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability. Swelling behavior and water uptake measurements showed that the incorporation of LDHs effectively suppressed dimensional changes in the membranes. Specifically, when the mass ratio of ZrP to LDHs was optimized at 8:2, the SPEEK-2 membrane exhibited a swelling degree of 15.7%, significantly lower than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. Furthermore, under conditions of 80&#xa0;°C and 100% relative humidity, the ionic conductivity of the SPEEK-2 membrane reached 217.9 mS cm<sup>− 1</sup>, representing a 25.7% improvement over the unmodified membrane. These results demonstrate a viable strategy for enhancing the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane materials.</p>

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Synergistic incorporation of a bifunctional filler system comprising ZrP and LDHs into SPEEK to enhance dimensional stability and proton conductivity of composite membranes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Yiming Tang,
  • Xiangyu Zhu,
  • Shiyu Dong,
  • Jing Guo,
  • Chunhui Shen,
  • Shanjun Gao

摘要

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)-based proton exchange membranes have emerged as promising alternatives to Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells; however, their long-term mechanical and chemical stabilities remain key challenges for practical applications. In this work, a series of SPEEK composite membranes were fabricated by incorporating inorganic proton conductors zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a novel functional nanomaterial, into a SPEEK matrix with a degree of sulfonation (DS) of 63%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses confirmed the uniform dispersion of ZrP and LDHs within the polymer matrix and revealed the formation of continuous proton conduction pathways. The resulting composite membranes demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability. Swelling behavior and water uptake measurements showed that the incorporation of LDHs effectively suppressed dimensional changes in the membranes. Specifically, when the mass ratio of ZrP to LDHs was optimized at 8:2, the SPEEK-2 membrane exhibited a swelling degree of 15.7%, significantly lower than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. Furthermore, under conditions of 80 °C and 100% relative humidity, the ionic conductivity of the SPEEK-2 membrane reached 217.9 mS cm− 1, representing a 25.7% improvement over the unmodified membrane. These results demonstrate a viable strategy for enhancing the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane materials.