<p>Aqueous rechargeable Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries (ARLIBs) are attracting more attention due to their superior safety and non-toxicity, offering a promising alternative to traditional organic electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries. The choice of anode materials in ARLIBs is restricted due to narrow electrochemical stability window of water leading to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ferrites are stable in aqueous medium and show potential as anode materials for organic Li-ion batteries, making them a promising yet challenging option for aqueous Li-ion battery anode. The present work focuses on a comparative study of aqueous and non-aqueous Li-ion batteries with manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) as anode. These findings reveal that MnFe₂O₄ discloses different electrochemical performance in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, influenced by differences in ionic conductivity, electrode-electrolyte interactions, and electrochemical stability windows. The aqueous system provides enhanced ionic conductivity and greater safety, whereas the non-aqueous system exhibits better capacity retention and a wider voltage range. The optimized composite sample of ball milled MnFe₂O₄ and graphite powder (MFBG) helps to avoid the direct contact of active material with aqueous electrolyte (LiNO₃) and prevent dissolution of ions. To our understanding, the presented work appears to be the first comparative study of manganese ferrite-graphite composite anode for an aqueous and non-aqueous Li-ion battery.</p>