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<p>Millions of tons of quartz cutting waste are generated annually by the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries, representing both an environmental challenge and a potential feedstock for energy storage materials. We report a scalable, solvent-free mechanochemical approach that converts this waste directly into high-performance silicon suboxide (SiO<sub>x</sub>) anodes for lithium-ion batteries. High-energy ball milling for 8–10&#xa0;h drives solid-state disproportionation between SiO<sub>2</sub> and Si, producing amorphous SiO<sub>x</sub> with dispersed silicon nanocrystallites (20–30&#xa0;nm) and a chemical composition matching commercial products. This process eliminates conventional energy-intensive routes such as thermal evaporation above 1400&#xa0;°C or multi-step wet-chemical synthesis. The resulting material shows substantially refined particle size (D<sub>50</sub> = 0.985&#xa0;μm, distribution 0.15–2.0&#xa0;μm) relative to commercial SiO<sub>x</sub> (D<sub>50</sub> = 4.7&#xa0;μm). In electrochemical tests, the optimized material achieves 1568 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> initial charge capacity with 68.5% initial Coulombic efficiency, compared to 52.5% for commercial SiO<sub>x</sub>. After 150 cycles at 1&#xa0;C, it retains 839 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> (96.9% capacity retention), significantly outperforming commercial materials (521 mAh g<sup>–1</sup>, 78.3% retention). This work demonstrates a practical route for converting industrial waste into value-added battery materials while reducing both environmental impact and production costs.</p>

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Sustainable production of SiOx anodes from quartz waste via solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月22日

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  • Mingjun Cheng,
  • Junhao Tan,
  • Huangkai Zhou,
  • Xiaolan Cai,
  • Yiyong Zhang,
  • Yisi Liu,
  • Changjiang Yang

摘要

Millions of tons of quartz cutting waste are generated annually by the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries, representing both an environmental challenge and a potential feedstock for energy storage materials. We report a scalable, solvent-free mechanochemical approach that converts this waste directly into high-performance silicon suboxide (SiOx) anodes for lithium-ion batteries. High-energy ball milling for 8–10 h drives solid-state disproportionation between SiO2 and Si, producing amorphous SiOx with dispersed silicon nanocrystallites (20–30 nm) and a chemical composition matching commercial products. This process eliminates conventional energy-intensive routes such as thermal evaporation above 1400 °C or multi-step wet-chemical synthesis. The resulting material shows substantially refined particle size (D50 = 0.985 μm, distribution 0.15–2.0 μm) relative to commercial SiOx (D50 = 4.7 μm). In electrochemical tests, the optimized material achieves 1568 mAh g–1 initial charge capacity with 68.5% initial Coulombic efficiency, compared to 52.5% for commercial SiOx. After 150 cycles at 1 C, it retains 839 mAh g–1 (96.9% capacity retention), significantly outperforming commercial materials (521 mAh g–1, 78.3% retention). This work demonstrates a practical route for converting industrial waste into value-added battery materials while reducing both environmental impact and production costs.