<p>LiFe<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> has emerged as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, combining the excellent rate capability of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> with the high operating voltage of LiMnPO<sub>4</sub>. However, the extremely low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate of LiMnPO<sub>4</sub> severely limit its electrochemical activity, which in turn restricts the electrochemical performance of LiFe<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. In this paper, carbon-coated LiFe<sub>0.3</sub>Mn<sub>0.7</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/C porous material was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation followed by secondary calcination, employing a stepwise ex situ carbon coating strategy. Specifically, the LiFe<sub>0.3</sub>Mn<sub>0.7</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> matrix was prepared by co-precipitation, and the carbon source was introduced for secondary ball milling and calcination to achieve an effective carbon coating. The results of the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization clearly demonstrate that the synthesized material consists of nearly-spherical particles with structural units of approximately 5.08&#xa0;nm in average diameter. The initial discharge specific capacity of the material is 169.4 mAh g<sup>[-<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef></sup> at a 0.1&#xa0;C C-rate. After 200 cycles at a 1&#xa0;C C-rate, the discharge specific capacity remains at 155.74 mAh g<sup>[-<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef></sup>, corresponding to a capacity retention rate of 99.77%. The kinetic analysis further confirmed its excellent lithium-ion diffusion capability. This multistage porous LMFP/C has been constructed based on a stepwise synthesis strategy and is stacked with nanoscale spherical particles. This system is expected to be a promising candidate for the development of the next-generation high-performance orthogonal cathode materials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.</p>

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Stepwise ex situ carbon-coated LMFP/C cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

  • Wenchong Cheng,
  • Guoqiang Song,
  • Zuming Huang,
  • Qiming Zhao,
  • Peng Xiong,
  • Linjun Zhang,
  • Zhentian Xu,
  • Hao Tang,
  • Ting Wei,
  • Yuxi Li,
  • Yiwen Xie,
  • Claudia Li,
  • Sibudjing Kawi

摘要

LiFe1-xMnxPO4 has emerged as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, combining the excellent rate capability of LiFePO4 with the high operating voltage of LiMnPO4. However, the extremely low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate of LiMnPO4 severely limit its electrochemical activity, which in turn restricts the electrochemical performance of LiFe1-xMnxPO4. In this paper, carbon-coated LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4/C porous material was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation followed by secondary calcination, employing a stepwise ex situ carbon coating strategy. Specifically, the LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4 matrix was prepared by co-precipitation, and the carbon source was introduced for secondary ball milling and calcination to achieve an effective carbon coating. The results of the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization clearly demonstrate that the synthesized material consists of nearly-spherical particles with structural units of approximately 5.08 nm in average diameter. The initial discharge specific capacity of the material is 169.4 mAh g[-1 at a 0.1 C C-rate. After 200 cycles at a 1 C C-rate, the discharge specific capacity remains at 155.74 mAh g[-1, corresponding to a capacity retention rate of 99.77%. The kinetic analysis further confirmed its excellent lithium-ion diffusion capability. This multistage porous LMFP/C has been constructed based on a stepwise synthesis strategy and is stacked with nanoscale spherical particles. This system is expected to be a promising candidate for the development of the next-generation high-performance orthogonal cathode materials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.