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<p>The majority of porous carbons for the energy storage devices have been synthesized via conventional activating agents such as KOH, ZnCl2 through chemical activation process, where high temperatures and multi-stage preparation are involved. The valorization of fruit-waste into functional carbon materials offers renewable route for developing advanced energy storage systems. Herein, we develop a low-cost sustainable activated carbon (AC) from the mixture of fruit-peels (MFP) such as pomegranate, orange, watermelon and sweet-lime in a one-pot, low carbon-foot printed nitrogen-activation methodology with NaOH, KOH, LiOH activating agents. The AC-derived from MFP with significant LiOH activating agent (AC-Li) delivered interconnected carbon network with high meso-porosity and specific surface area of ~ 729&#xa0;m²/g. This facilitates rapid ion transport and effective electrode–electrolyte interactions, with AC-Li demonstrating an impressive half-cell specific capacitance (Csp) of ~ 134&#xa0;F/g at 1&#xa0;A/g. The significant AC-Li based symmetric supercapacitor (SSC@AC-Li) device were studied with different separators including C, D and W type of filter papers. The SSC@AC-Li device in D-type separator exhibited highest full-cell Csp of ~ 89&#xa0;F/g with high energy density of 64.7 Wh/Kg and power density of ~ 17,280&#xa0;W/Kg and extended cycle life performance (~ 90% persistent of capacitance after 10,000 cycles). Thus, the development of a low-cost sustainable meso-porous AC represents an innovative and promising strategy for developing high- performance electrodes for energy- dense supercapacitor applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Tri-alkali comparative activation strategy for transforming fruit-wastes into promising nature-based low-cost mesoporous activated carbon for sustainable and high-rate symmetric supercapacitor applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Sivagaami Sundari Gunasekaran,
  • Dinesh Raja,
  • Dae Won Oh,
  • Mohammed Asif S,
  • Balaji Ramachandran,
  • Hajara Beevi N,
  • Chang Woo Lee

摘要

The majority of porous carbons for the energy storage devices have been synthesized via conventional activating agents such as KOH, ZnCl2 through chemical activation process, where high temperatures and multi-stage preparation are involved. The valorization of fruit-waste into functional carbon materials offers renewable route for developing advanced energy storage systems. Herein, we develop a low-cost sustainable activated carbon (AC) from the mixture of fruit-peels (MFP) such as pomegranate, orange, watermelon and sweet-lime in a one-pot, low carbon-foot printed nitrogen-activation methodology with NaOH, KOH, LiOH activating agents. The AC-derived from MFP with significant LiOH activating agent (AC-Li) delivered interconnected carbon network with high meso-porosity and specific surface area of ~ 729 m²/g. This facilitates rapid ion transport and effective electrode–electrolyte interactions, with AC-Li demonstrating an impressive half-cell specific capacitance (Csp) of ~ 134 F/g at 1 A/g. The significant AC-Li based symmetric supercapacitor (SSC@AC-Li) device were studied with different separators including C, D and W type of filter papers. The SSC@AC-Li device in D-type separator exhibited highest full-cell Csp of ~ 89 F/g with high energy density of 64.7 Wh/Kg and power density of ~ 17,280 W/Kg and extended cycle life performance (~ 90% persistent of capacitance after 10,000 cycles). Thus, the development of a low-cost sustainable meso-porous AC represents an innovative and promising strategy for developing high- performance electrodes for energy- dense supercapacitor applications.

Graphical Abstract