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<p>The increasing need for sustainable energy and water treatment technologies continues to drive the development of multifunctional nanomaterials. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of a novel non-stoichiometric spinel oxide, Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄, and its comprehensive evaluation across diverse photocatalytic applications. The structure of the spinel oxide was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and UV–Vis analyses, revealing a homogeneous spinel phase with well-distributed Ni, Co, and Fe ions. Upon exposure to visible light, the spinel exhibited remarkable performance in several domains: it achieved 97.4% degradation of Methyl Orange and 93.8% of Rose Bengal within 120&#xa0;min and produced 1574 µmol.g⁻¹ of hydrogen via photocatalytic water splitting after 4&#xa0;h. Moreover, it enabled photoreduction of CO₂ to 412 µmol.g⁻¹ of CH₄ and 294 µmol·g⁻¹ of H₂, indicating an excellent redox capability. In addition, Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄ exhibited excellent adsorption capability toward heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺), confirming its effectiveness for heavy metal removal from aqueous media. Photoelectrochemical measurements further demonstrated a stable photocurrent density of 1.45&#xa0;mA.cm⁻² at 1.23&#xa0;V vs. RHE, confirming its efficient charge separation and solar responsiveness. These results underscore the potential of Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄ spinel oxide as a robust and versatile photocatalyst for integrated solar-driven energy conversion and environmental remediation systems.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Hydrothermal synthesis, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO₂ reduction, organic dyes degradation, heavy metals adsorption, and photoelectrochemical applications of a multifunctional Co- doping NiFe₂O₄ spinel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Maroua Ouezzani,
  • Abdelfattah Allaoui,
  • Hocine Sadam Nesrat,
  • Louiza Zenkhri,
  • Sara Aouadi,
  • Abderrhmane Bouafia,
  • Hamada S. Abulkhair,
  • Salah Eddine Laouini,
  • Djamila Hamada Saoud,
  • Hafidha Terea,
  • Mohammed Messaoudi,
  • Abdelatif Aouadi

摘要

The increasing need for sustainable energy and water treatment technologies continues to drive the development of multifunctional nanomaterials. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of a novel non-stoichiometric spinel oxide, Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄, and its comprehensive evaluation across diverse photocatalytic applications. The structure of the spinel oxide was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and UV–Vis analyses, revealing a homogeneous spinel phase with well-distributed Ni, Co, and Fe ions. Upon exposure to visible light, the spinel exhibited remarkable performance in several domains: it achieved 97.4% degradation of Methyl Orange and 93.8% of Rose Bengal within 120 min and produced 1574 µmol.g⁻¹ of hydrogen via photocatalytic water splitting after 4 h. Moreover, it enabled photoreduction of CO₂ to 412 µmol.g⁻¹ of CH₄ and 294 µmol·g⁻¹ of H₂, indicating an excellent redox capability. In addition, Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄ exhibited excellent adsorption capability toward heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺), confirming its effectiveness for heavy metal removal from aqueous media. Photoelectrochemical measurements further demonstrated a stable photocurrent density of 1.45 mA.cm⁻² at 1.23 V vs. RHE, confirming its efficient charge separation and solar responsiveness. These results underscore the potential of Ni₁.₂Co₀.₉Fe₀.₉O₄ spinel oxide as a robust and versatile photocatalyst for integrated solar-driven energy conversion and environmental remediation systems.

Graphical abstract