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<p>In industrial manganese electrowinning, sluggish gas evolution reaction kinetics at the anode induce excessive overpotential and energy consumption. To address this, we develop a sandwich-structured Ti-based composite electrode featuring a Sn-SbO<sub>x</sub>-enriched interlayer via facile thermal decomposition oxidation. The engineered electrode achieves an operational potential of 1.24&#xa0;V (vs. SCE) at 500&#xa0;A m<sup>− 2</sup> in a simulated electrolyte (1.5&#xa0;M HCl + 1&#xa0;M NH<sub>4</sub>Cl), demonstrating a 33 mV overpotential reduction versus unmodified Ti electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to the three functions of the Sn‒Sb interlayer: crystalline refinement, charge transfer resistance reduction, and electrochemical surface area expansion. Notably, robust interfacial integration endows superior corrosion resistance, enabling stable operation for 151&#xa0;h at 10,000&#xa0;A m<sup>− 2</sup> in 2.5&#xa0;M HCl. During simulated Mn electrodeposition, the modified electrode delivers 83.21% current efficiency and 4,022.7 kWh energy consumption for one ton of Mn product. This work establishes a scalable synthesis route for high-performance electrowinning anodes while elucidating interlayer-microstructure-electrocatalytic activity relationships.</p>

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Ti-based composite electrodes with Sn-SbOx-enriched interfaces enabling energy-efficient Mn electrowinning in chloride media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Linhui Chang,
  • Jiamin Li,
  • Qiangchao Sun,
  • Buming Chen,
  • Hongwei Cheng

摘要

In industrial manganese electrowinning, sluggish gas evolution reaction kinetics at the anode induce excessive overpotential and energy consumption. To address this, we develop a sandwich-structured Ti-based composite electrode featuring a Sn-SbOx-enriched interlayer via facile thermal decomposition oxidation. The engineered electrode achieves an operational potential of 1.24 V (vs. SCE) at 500 A m− 2 in a simulated electrolyte (1.5 M HCl + 1 M NH4Cl), demonstrating a 33 mV overpotential reduction versus unmodified Ti electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to the three functions of the Sn‒Sb interlayer: crystalline refinement, charge transfer resistance reduction, and electrochemical surface area expansion. Notably, robust interfacial integration endows superior corrosion resistance, enabling stable operation for 151 h at 10,000 A m− 2 in 2.5 M HCl. During simulated Mn electrodeposition, the modified electrode delivers 83.21% current efficiency and 4,022.7 kWh energy consumption for one ton of Mn product. This work establishes a scalable synthesis route for high-performance electrowinning anodes while elucidating interlayer-microstructure-electrocatalytic activity relationships.