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<p>In this research, activated carbon was synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and subsequently doped with SiO₂ derived from geothermal sand waste for application in lithium-ion coin cells. The chemical activation process, optimized through variations in NaOH concentration, identified C–1&#xa0;M as the best structure, exhibiting a surface area of 107.79&#xa0;m² g⁻¹, a specific capacity of 243.72 mAh g⁻¹, and voltage stability up to 2.52&#xa0;V. Following silica doping, the SiO₂–G/C–1&#xa0;M composite achieved a remarkable surface area of 191.67&#xa0;m² g⁻¹, an enhanced capacitance of 375.88 mAh g⁻¹, and stable voltage output of 2.76&#xa0;V. These improvements resulted from increased mesoporosity, expanded ion diffusion pathways, and enriched active site availability. The results validate silica-doped OPEFB carbon as a scalable, high-performance electrode potential for next-generation sustainable energy storage systems.</p>

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Comprehensive characterization of SiO₂-doped activated carbon from OPEFB and geothermal silica with varying concentrations for lithium-ion coin cell anodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Yunita Triana,
  • Winardi Dian Wahyu Pratama,
  • Muhammad Bintang Adiputra,
  • Fadli Robiandi,
  • Andi Idhil Ismail,
  • Widi Astuti,
  • Riza Hadi Saputra,
  • Masato Tominaga

摘要

In this research, activated carbon was synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and subsequently doped with SiO₂ derived from geothermal sand waste for application in lithium-ion coin cells. The chemical activation process, optimized through variations in NaOH concentration, identified C–1 M as the best structure, exhibiting a surface area of 107.79 m² g⁻¹, a specific capacity of 243.72 mAh g⁻¹, and voltage stability up to 2.52 V. Following silica doping, the SiO₂–G/C–1 M composite achieved a remarkable surface area of 191.67 m² g⁻¹, an enhanced capacitance of 375.88 mAh g⁻¹, and stable voltage output of 2.76 V. These improvements resulted from increased mesoporosity, expanded ion diffusion pathways, and enriched active site availability. The results validate silica-doped OPEFB carbon as a scalable, high-performance electrode potential for next-generation sustainable energy storage systems.