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<p>The present work reports the development of a zinc-doped bismuth oxide/activated carbon (Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AC) composite as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation route, while the Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AC composite was prepared through sonication using activated carbon (AC) derived from waste date seeds. XRD confirmed the monoclinic α-Bi₂O₃ phase with a slight reduction in crystallite size (from 10.37&#xa0;nm to 10.19&#xa0;nm) after AC incorporation, while Raman and FTIR analyses verified structural integrity and the presence of metal–oxide and carbon functional groups. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed enhanced light absorption, and FE-SEM images demonstrated the formation of a highly porous nanosheet-like morphology in the composite. BET analysis further indicated a substantial increase in surface area from 1.6779&#xa0;m² g<sup>-1</sup> to 114.17&#xa0;m² g<sup>-1</sup>.Electrochemical measurements showed remarkable improvements, with the Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AC composite delivering a high specific capacitance of 281&#xa0;F g<sup>-1</sup> at 5 mV s<sup>-1</sup> and 225&#xa0;F g<sup>-1</sup> at 1&#xa0;A g<sup>-1</sup>, compared to Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significantly lower charge transfer resistance of Rct = 2.23 Ω for the composite compared to the nanoparticles, demonstrating faster charge-transfer kinetics and enhanced ion diffusion. These results confirm that the synergistic combination of Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and AC enables superior porosity, conductivity, and electrochemical performance, establishing the Zn-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AC composite as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable electrode material for next-generation supercapacitors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic effect of biomass-derived activated carbon with Zn-Bi2O3 nanocomposite for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • J. Venkatesan,
  • J. Bosco Franklin,
  • J. Preethi Rency Fathima,
  • P. Maadeswaran,
  • K. Kaviyarasu,
  • S. John Sundaram

摘要

The present work reports the development of a zinc-doped bismuth oxide/activated carbon (Zn-Bi2O3/AC) composite as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Zn-Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation route, while the Zn-Bi2O3/AC composite was prepared through sonication using activated carbon (AC) derived from waste date seeds. XRD confirmed the monoclinic α-Bi₂O₃ phase with a slight reduction in crystallite size (from 10.37 nm to 10.19 nm) after AC incorporation, while Raman and FTIR analyses verified structural integrity and the presence of metal–oxide and carbon functional groups. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed enhanced light absorption, and FE-SEM images demonstrated the formation of a highly porous nanosheet-like morphology in the composite. BET analysis further indicated a substantial increase in surface area from 1.6779 m² g-1 to 114.17 m² g-1.Electrochemical measurements showed remarkable improvements, with the Zn-Bi2O3/AC composite delivering a high specific capacitance of 281 F g-1 at 5 mV s-1 and 225 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, compared to Zn-Bi2O3 NPs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significantly lower charge transfer resistance of Rct = 2.23 Ω for the composite compared to the nanoparticles, demonstrating faster charge-transfer kinetics and enhanced ion diffusion. These results confirm that the synergistic combination of Zn-Bi2O3 and AC enables superior porosity, conductivity, and electrochemical performance, establishing the Zn-Bi2O3/AC composite as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable electrode material for next-generation supercapacitors.

Graphical abstract