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<p>Carbon materials are promising cathode materials for aqueous Zn metal batteries due to their high conductivity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and good cycling stability. However, their low capacities limit their energy density. In this work, nitrogen-doped and oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon material was synthesized by reducing CO<sub>2</sub> into porous carbon, followed by urea treatment at an optimal temperature of 450&#xa0;°C in Ar and subsequent oxidation in air at 250&#xa0;°C (NEC-450-A250). After doping and oxidation, the NEC-450-A250 exhibits better performance than that without oxidation. It realizes a high capacity of 141 mAh g⁻¹, improved rate performance, and a capacity retention of 46.2% after 20,000 cycles. Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests reveal that oxygen content increases after oxidation and the -COOH group serves as the primary active site for Zn²⁺ ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that nitrogen doping can lower the energy barrier and enhance the chemisorption of Zn²⁺ ions. Both O and N contribute to improving the electrochemical performance of NEC-450-A250. This study offers alternative strategies to enhance the performance of carbon through nitrogen doping and oxidation techniques.</p>

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Nitrogen-doped and oxygen-rich porous carbon derived from CO2 realizing enhanced Zn storage performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Qian Liang,
  • Shu Huang,
  • Xiaoyun Jing,
  • Wei Li

摘要

Carbon materials are promising cathode materials for aqueous Zn metal batteries due to their high conductivity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and good cycling stability. However, their low capacities limit their energy density. In this work, nitrogen-doped and oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon material was synthesized by reducing CO2 into porous carbon, followed by urea treatment at an optimal temperature of 450 °C in Ar and subsequent oxidation in air at 250 °C (NEC-450-A250). After doping and oxidation, the NEC-450-A250 exhibits better performance than that without oxidation. It realizes a high capacity of 141 mAh g⁻¹, improved rate performance, and a capacity retention of 46.2% after 20,000 cycles. Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests reveal that oxygen content increases after oxidation and the -COOH group serves as the primary active site for Zn²⁺ ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that nitrogen doping can lower the energy barrier and enhance the chemisorption of Zn²⁺ ions. Both O and N contribute to improving the electrochemical performance of NEC-450-A250. This study offers alternative strategies to enhance the performance of carbon through nitrogen doping and oxidation techniques.