<p>Developing appropriate catalysts to boost electrocatalytic reactions is of vital importance for accelerating the commercialization of advanced energy conversion technologies. Carbon nanoboxes (CNBs) are superior electrocatalysts due to their unique 3D hollow structure that offers high surface area, abundant active sites, and enhanced mass transfer. Their high conductivity promotes electron transfer and reaction kinetics. The carbon framework allows easy heteroatom doping (e.g., N, S) or metal nanoparticle loading for tunable electronic structure, activity, and selectivity. Inherent carbon stability and strength ensure durability in harsh environments. These properties enable outstanding performance in various electrochemical reactions. This review summarizes recent progress of employing CNBs as advanced electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions, highlighting their distinctive advantages of extremely high specific surface area, excellent electron transfer capability, strong metal-substrate interaction, good structural stability, and controllable mass transport. Subsequently, the applications of CNBs-based catalysts for various electrochemical reactions are also manifested, highlighting the underlying structure-activity relationship. Finally, the challenges and future direction of engineering and study of CNBs are also discussed to offer guidance for the further development of more efficient CNBs-based catalysts.</p>