<p>Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are promising energy storage sources. Currently, Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs) are considered is the most preferred electrolytes for AIB due to their unique physicochemical properties. To evaluate the influence of the cationic composition of the electrolyte on the AIB performance, electrochemical studies were carried out on AIB prototypes with the three most promising ILs based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<i>N</i> = 1.65), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<i>N</i> = 1.63) and triethylamine hydrochloride (<i>N</i> = 1.78). During the first 100 cycles an increase in the capacity of the graphite cathode is observed for all cells. According to Raman spectroscopy and SEM data, it was established that this effect is caused by the formation of bilayer graphene. At 1&#xa0;C charge/discharge current, the discharge capacity of the cathode was found to be 97 mА∙h∙g^− 1 for all the three systems studied. Charging/discharging the AIB by current densities of up to 8&#xa0;C does not lead to the degradation processes accompanied by a loss of capacity and a decrease in Coulombic efficiency of the AIB. Thus, changing the cationic composition of the IL does not lead to significant changes in the electrical characteristics of the AIB if an electrolyte composition with molar ratios of aluminum chloride to organic salt is used that ensure maximum performance of the aluminum anode. Analysis of the Ragone parameters showed that at current densities of 1&#xa0;C, 2&#xa0;C and 4&#xa0;C, the energy density and power density of the AIB are comparable to lithium-ion batteries, and at 8&#xa0;C – to electrochemical capacitors.</p>