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<p>Metal oxides and transition metal vanadates are recognized as exceptional materials due to their enhanced optoelectronic and electrochemical properties. In this context, for the first time, a nanocomposite of cobalt vanadate (Co₁₂V₈O₃₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The material was extensively characterized to investigate its crystallographic structure, surface morphology and optical properties. Optical analysis indicated that the composite exhibits strong visible-light activity, making it highly suitable for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Photodegradation experiments using methylene blue (MB) demonstrated that the synthesized composite outperformed pure ZnO and Co₁₂V₈O₃₂ in photocatalytic degradation (PCD) efficiency. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the two components. The study further included a detailed inter-comparison of the PCD activities, decay rate calculations and an investigation of the active radicals involved in the degradation process. Additionally, the effect of pH on the PCD efficiency was systematically examined. The improved PCD performance is primarily ascribed to the formation of a type-II heterojunction between Co₁₂V₈O₃₂ and ZnO, confirmed with EIS and Mott-Schottky, which facilitated efficient charge separation. The electron transfer mechanism underpinning the enhanced activity is discussed in detail. Overall, the synthesized composite holds significant promise for commercial applications in the PCD of organic dyes.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Novel Co12V8O32/ZnO composite for efficient photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Muhammad Danish Khan,
  • Areej Zubair,
  • Masood ul Hassan Farooq,
  • Imran Aslam,
  • Hafiza Sadia Anam,
  • Iqra Fareed,
  • Ahmad Ali,
  • Faheem K. Butt

摘要

Metal oxides and transition metal vanadates are recognized as exceptional materials due to their enhanced optoelectronic and electrochemical properties. In this context, for the first time, a nanocomposite of cobalt vanadate (Co₁₂V₈O₃₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The material was extensively characterized to investigate its crystallographic structure, surface morphology and optical properties. Optical analysis indicated that the composite exhibits strong visible-light activity, making it highly suitable for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Photodegradation experiments using methylene blue (MB) demonstrated that the synthesized composite outperformed pure ZnO and Co₁₂V₈O₃₂ in photocatalytic degradation (PCD) efficiency. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the two components. The study further included a detailed inter-comparison of the PCD activities, decay rate calculations and an investigation of the active radicals involved in the degradation process. Additionally, the effect of pH on the PCD efficiency was systematically examined. The improved PCD performance is primarily ascribed to the formation of a type-II heterojunction between Co₁₂V₈O₃₂ and ZnO, confirmed with EIS and Mott-Schottky, which facilitated efficient charge separation. The electron transfer mechanism underpinning the enhanced activity is discussed in detail. Overall, the synthesized composite holds significant promise for commercial applications in the PCD of organic dyes.

Graphical Abstract