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<p>This investigation uses garnet-structured Li<sup>+</sup> conductors added with a nominal amount of ionic liquid (IL) as an electrolyte to develop solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) that operate across a wide temperature range from 0 to 100 ℃. A composite of LALZO (Li<sub>6.75</sub>Al<sub>0.25</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>) with ~ 6 wt% of IL-EMIM BF<sub>4</sub>, having high conductivity ≥ 10<sup>−4</sup> Ω<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>, is used as an electrolyte by compressing it between high surface area activated carbon (~ 1500 m<sup>2</sup>-g<sup>−1</sup>) electrodes and assembled in 2032 type cell geometry. A typical SSC at 35&#xa0;°C exhibits a specific capacitance value of ~ 562 F-g<sup>−1</sup> at 2&#xa0;V/1&#xa0;mA (0.57 A-g<sup>−1</sup>). Such SSCs exhibit stable performance at least up to ~ 4000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles with a maintained coulombic efficiency of ~ 99%. These SSCs are found to be essentially electric double-layer type for operating voltages of ≤ 1.5&#xa0;V. However, for 1.5 &lt; V ≤ 2.5&#xa0;V, pseudo-capacitive effects become significant in charge storage. A stack of four SSCs can effectively power two white LEDs (6&#xa0;V) in series for about 30&#xa0;min during direct discharge. The SSCs demonstrate stable GCD and CV cycles at 0&#xa0;°C and 100&#xa0;°C, with high performance parameters. The findings indicate that the LALZO-ionic liquid composites can be effectively utilized in high-performance, thermally stable supercapacitors.</p>

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Temperature-tolerant solid-state supercapacitors using Li+-garnet-ionic liquid composite electrolyte

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Gurpreet Kaur,
  • Shrishti Sharma,
  • Bhargab Sharma,
  • Seshadri Chandrasekara Sivasubramanian,
  • Anshuman Dalvi

摘要

This investigation uses garnet-structured Li+ conductors added with a nominal amount of ionic liquid (IL) as an electrolyte to develop solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) that operate across a wide temperature range from 0 to 100 ℃. A composite of LALZO (Li6.75Al0.25La3Zr2O12) with ~ 6 wt% of IL-EMIM BF4, having high conductivity ≥ 10−4 Ω−1 cm−1, is used as an electrolyte by compressing it between high surface area activated carbon (~ 1500 m2-g−1) electrodes and assembled in 2032 type cell geometry. A typical SSC at 35 °C exhibits a specific capacitance value of ~ 562 F-g−1 at 2 V/1 mA (0.57 A-g−1). Such SSCs exhibit stable performance at least up to ~ 4000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles with a maintained coulombic efficiency of ~ 99%. These SSCs are found to be essentially electric double-layer type for operating voltages of ≤ 1.5 V. However, for 1.5 < V ≤ 2.5 V, pseudo-capacitive effects become significant in charge storage. A stack of four SSCs can effectively power two white LEDs (6 V) in series for about 30 min during direct discharge. The SSCs demonstrate stable GCD and CV cycles at 0 °C and 100 °C, with high performance parameters. The findings indicate that the LALZO-ionic liquid composites can be effectively utilized in high-performance, thermally stable supercapacitors.