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<p>In this work, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles were synthesized via a green, eco-friendly route using <i>Acalypha indica</i> leaf extract and subsequently integrated with polypyrrole (PPy) through oxidative polymerization to form YSZ/PPy nanocomposites. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the coexistence of crystalline YSZ and amorphous PPy, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed uniform encapsulation of YSZ particles by PPy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance for YSZ/PPy composites, with YP3 exhibiting the lowest Rct (137 Ω) compared to pristine YSZ (485 Ω) and PPy (1288 Ω). Cyclic voltammetry studies further established enhanced dopamine detection, with the YP3-modified glassy carbon electrode delivering a threefold higher current response than bare GCE and achieving a limit of detection of 9&#xa0;µM. Gas sensing studies showed that YSZ/PPy composites exhibited improved butane sensitivity and rapid response–recovery dynamics relative to YSZ alone. YP3 achieved the highest sensitivity (104 at 1500&#xa0;ppm), alongside response and recovery times of 8–22&#xa0;s and 22–52&#xa0;s, respectively. These results underscore the synergistic effects of YSZ–PPy heterojunctions in facilitating charge transport and gas adsorption. The eco-friendly synthesis strategy, coupled with superior electrochemical and gas sensing performance, establishes YSZ/PPy nanocomposites as promising multifunctional materials for next-generation biomedical and environmental sensor applications.</p>

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Green-synthesized YSZ/polypyrrole nanocomposites for enhanced electrochemical and butane gas sensing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Pavithra S,
  • Kathyayani D,
  • Nanjundaswamy. G.S,
  • Soundarya T.L,
  • Thejas R,
  • Gouri Mirji,
  • Krishna B.S,
  • Nagaraju G,
  • Prashanth B

摘要

In this work, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles were synthesized via a green, eco-friendly route using Acalypha indica leaf extract and subsequently integrated with polypyrrole (PPy) through oxidative polymerization to form YSZ/PPy nanocomposites. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the coexistence of crystalline YSZ and amorphous PPy, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed uniform encapsulation of YSZ particles by PPy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance for YSZ/PPy composites, with YP3 exhibiting the lowest Rct (137 Ω) compared to pristine YSZ (485 Ω) and PPy (1288 Ω). Cyclic voltammetry studies further established enhanced dopamine detection, with the YP3-modified glassy carbon electrode delivering a threefold higher current response than bare GCE and achieving a limit of detection of 9 µM. Gas sensing studies showed that YSZ/PPy composites exhibited improved butane sensitivity and rapid response–recovery dynamics relative to YSZ alone. YP3 achieved the highest sensitivity (104 at 1500 ppm), alongside response and recovery times of 8–22 s and 22–52 s, respectively. These results underscore the synergistic effects of YSZ–PPy heterojunctions in facilitating charge transport and gas adsorption. The eco-friendly synthesis strategy, coupled with superior electrochemical and gas sensing performance, establishes YSZ/PPy nanocomposites as promising multifunctional materials for next-generation biomedical and environmental sensor applications.