<p>In this study, we prepared shuttle-shaped nanoporous V₂O₅ materials with different tin doping ratios using a hydrothermal method in combination with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and investigated the effect of Sn doping on the lithium storage performance of V₂O₅ as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to analyze the influence of Sn doping on the geometric and electronic structures of V₂O₅. It shows that appropriate Sn doping can significantly enhance the lithium storage activity and multiplicity rate performance of V₂O₅, reduce the electrochemical reaction resistance of the material, and improve the Li⁺ diffusivity in the material. The DFT calculations indicate that the stable doping sites of Sn in V₂O₅ are located in the interlayers. This doping not only broadens the interlayer spacing but also reduces the bandgap value, enhances the conductivity, and improves the Li⁺ deintercalation kinetics of V₂O₅, ultimately leading to superior energy storage performance.</p>