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<p>Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Mg(OTf)<sub>2</sub>] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BmImBr) ionic liquid (IL) were prepared by the solution casting technique. The inclusion of 45 wt% of BmImBr into PVA/Mg(OTf)<sub>2</sub>-based SPE results in the maximum ionic conductivity of (5.90 ± 0.01) × 10<sup>−4</sup> Scm<sup>−1</sup> at ambient temperature. The IL-added SPE obeys the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) theory, indicating that its ionic conduction is dependent on the free volume of the polymer matrix. Based on the findings in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the addition of 45 wt% BmImBr into PVA/Mg(OTf)<sub>2</sub> SPE manifests a lower glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) of − 23.70&#xa0;°C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis proves the complexation between PVA, Mg(OTf)<sub>2</sub> and BmImBr. Besides, deconvolution studies on FTIR were performed to determine the percentage of free ions, ion pairs and ion aggregates. The thermal stability of the BmImBr-incorporated SPE was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) up to 800&#xa0;°C. The transference number showed an ion transport number of at least 0.90, demonstrating that ionic conduction occurred in the BmImBr-enhanced SPE. An EDLC fabricated with 45 wt% of BmImBr-incorporated SPE was evaluated for its electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analysis. Based on CV analysis, there is a significant increase in specific capacitance from 317 to 335 mF/g upon impregnation with 45 wt% of BmImBr. The obtained results were in good agreement with the GCD results.</p>

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BmImBr-enhanced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based magnesium ion conductor for improved performance in electrical double layer capacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Kar Kien Ong,
  • Wei Quan Lim,
  • Chiam-Wen Liew

摘要

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Mg(OTf)2] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BmImBr) ionic liquid (IL) were prepared by the solution casting technique. The inclusion of 45 wt% of BmImBr into PVA/Mg(OTf)2-based SPE results in the maximum ionic conductivity of (5.90 ± 0.01) × 10−4 Scm−1 at ambient temperature. The IL-added SPE obeys the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) theory, indicating that its ionic conduction is dependent on the free volume of the polymer matrix. Based on the findings in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the addition of 45 wt% BmImBr into PVA/Mg(OTf)2 SPE manifests a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) of − 23.70 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis proves the complexation between PVA, Mg(OTf)2 and BmImBr. Besides, deconvolution studies on FTIR were performed to determine the percentage of free ions, ion pairs and ion aggregates. The thermal stability of the BmImBr-incorporated SPE was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) up to 800 °C. The transference number showed an ion transport number of at least 0.90, demonstrating that ionic conduction occurred in the BmImBr-enhanced SPE. An EDLC fabricated with 45 wt% of BmImBr-incorporated SPE was evaluated for its electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analysis. Based on CV analysis, there is a significant increase in specific capacitance from 317 to 335 mF/g upon impregnation with 45 wt% of BmImBr. The obtained results were in good agreement with the GCD results.