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<p>This study prepared solid-state membranes using a starch-sodium salt mixture with distilled water and glycerin via solution casting. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that sodium methanoate (HCOONa) altered the structural characteristics of the membranes, tuning a crystalline-to-amorphous ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the complexity between starch and HCOONa, indicated by new functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analysis revealed a rough yet uniform surface morphology and confirmed the homogeneous distribution of sodium within the polymer matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrated that the membrane with 30 wt% HCOONa had the highest ionic conductivity at 2.07 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>. These findings highlight the potential of these prepared solid biopolymer electrolytes as dual-purpose membranes—serving as both separators and electrolytes—in solid-state batteries.</p>

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The effects of sodium methanoate on starch: a study of morphology, structure, and ionic conductivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Mohd Faiz Hassan,
  • Muhammad Zulhasnan Mohd Zahari,
  • Muhammad Idlan Johar

摘要

This study prepared solid-state membranes using a starch-sodium salt mixture with distilled water and glycerin via solution casting. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that sodium methanoate (HCOONa) altered the structural characteristics of the membranes, tuning a crystalline-to-amorphous ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the complexity between starch and HCOONa, indicated by new functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analysis revealed a rough yet uniform surface morphology and confirmed the homogeneous distribution of sodium within the polymer matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrated that the membrane with 30 wt% HCOONa had the highest ionic conductivity at 2.07 × 10−4 S cm−1. These findings highlight the potential of these prepared solid biopolymer electrolytes as dual-purpose membranes—serving as both separators and electrolytes—in solid-state batteries.