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<p>This study compares the influence of civil service and private sector employment on the transition rates to the first and the second child. The civil service is often associated with a&#xa0;family-friendly work environment, offering the possibility to reverse the problem of low birth rate. An influence has been demonstrated in some European countries, but Germany lacks an individual-level analysis. Using data from the German Family Panel (Pairfam), we ran discrete event history models in a&#xa0;piecewise-constant specification to calculate the transitions to the first and the second child conditional on civil service or private sector employment. Our findings indicate a&#xa0;substantial and statistically significant positive influence of civil service employment on the transition to the second child for women. For men, we observe a&#xa0;substantial negative but statistically insignificant influence on the transition to the second child. No significant or substantial influence was found for either women or men regarding the transition to the first child. The results suggest that, especially for the situation after the birth of a&#xa0;child, employment in the civil service can be an important starting point for influencing fertility.</p>

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Does a Civil Service Job Matter? The Influence of Civil Service Employment on the Transition to the First and the Second Child for Women and Men in Germany

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Paul Severin Löwe

摘要

This study compares the influence of civil service and private sector employment on the transition rates to the first and the second child. The civil service is often associated with a family-friendly work environment, offering the possibility to reverse the problem of low birth rate. An influence has been demonstrated in some European countries, but Germany lacks an individual-level analysis. Using data from the German Family Panel (Pairfam), we ran discrete event history models in a piecewise-constant specification to calculate the transitions to the first and the second child conditional on civil service or private sector employment. Our findings indicate a substantial and statistically significant positive influence of civil service employment on the transition to the second child for women. For men, we observe a substantial negative but statistically insignificant influence on the transition to the second child. No significant or substantial influence was found for either women or men regarding the transition to the first child. The results suggest that, especially for the situation after the birth of a child, employment in the civil service can be an important starting point for influencing fertility.