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<p>When comparing Germany internationally, we can find relatively high educational inequalities. In Germany, the early tracking division of students into different school types and the relatively low permeability of the school system serve as an explanation. In the last years, however, the school systems in a&#xa0;number of German federal states were converted to a&#xa0;two-track system, with only one central nonacademic school type in addition to the academic track, <i>Gymnasium</i>. In the federal state of Berlin, the secondary school system was converted in the 2010/2011 school year from a multitrack to a two-track system. An aim of the school structural reform was to reduce the influence of social background on educational success, along with a long-term increase in the higher-education qualification rate (<i>Abitur</i>). Based on data from the BERLIN study, this article examines how the permeability in acquiring an <i>Abitur</i> degree and respective social inequalities have changed due to the new school system. It is assumed that an increase in the proportion of students attaining an <i>Abitur</i> degree and the higher proportion of students from nonprivileged backgrounds at nonacademic schools should lead to a&#xa0;reduction in social inequality in <i>Abitur</i> attainment. The findings show a&#xa0;significant increase in the proportion of students with <i>Abitur</i> after the reform, particularly at nonacademic school types. However, students from privileged backgrounds have particularly increased their <i>Abitur</i> rates. Overall, social inequalities in <i>Abitur</i> attainment have not changed significantly.</p>

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Soziale Ungleichheiten im Abiturerwerb: Wie durchlässig ist das zweigliedrige Schulsystem und für wen?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Anna Bachsleitner,
  • Markus Lörz,
  • Marko Neumann,
  • Michael Becker

摘要

When comparing Germany internationally, we can find relatively high educational inequalities. In Germany, the early tracking division of students into different school types and the relatively low permeability of the school system serve as an explanation. In the last years, however, the school systems in a number of German federal states were converted to a two-track system, with only one central nonacademic school type in addition to the academic track, Gymnasium. In the federal state of Berlin, the secondary school system was converted in the 2010/2011 school year from a multitrack to a two-track system. An aim of the school structural reform was to reduce the influence of social background on educational success, along with a long-term increase in the higher-education qualification rate (Abitur). Based on data from the BERLIN study, this article examines how the permeability in acquiring an Abitur degree and respective social inequalities have changed due to the new school system. It is assumed that an increase in the proportion of students attaining an Abitur degree and the higher proportion of students from nonprivileged backgrounds at nonacademic schools should lead to a reduction in social inequality in Abitur attainment. The findings show a significant increase in the proportion of students with Abitur after the reform, particularly at nonacademic school types. However, students from privileged backgrounds have particularly increased their Abitur rates. Overall, social inequalities in Abitur attainment have not changed significantly.