GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten bei Bluthochdruck und Übergewicht
摘要
What began with the blood glucose-lowering effect of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) has evolved into a therapeutic paradigm shift. These agents intervene deeply in the central regulatory mechanisms of metabolism, reduce the appetite, promote satiety and influence vascular, renal and inflammatory processes. In doing so they address not only diabetes but also the underlying pathophysiological basis of the metabolic syndrome. It is now well established that GLP-1-RAs, particularly in overweight and obese individuals, lead to clinically meaningful weight reduction and moderate lowering of blood pressure, independent of a diabetic metabolic status. These effects are primarily driven by the reduction of visceral adipose tissue but extend beyond mere weight loss: sympatholytic and -protective effects on the endothelium contribute to cardiovascular relief. Overweight patients with multiple risk factors appear to benefit most, as GLP-1-RA can bridge the gap between lifestyle interventions and pharmacological prevention. While no formal approval exists for the treatment of hypertension, cumulative evidence indicates a substantial potential for cardiometabolic risk reduction. The key future challenge lies in patient selection and treatment integration: GLP-1-RA should be regarded as part of a holistic, lifestyle-oriented treatment, not as a substitute but as an amplifier of a metabolically healthy lifestyle.