<p>The composition of the dialysate substantially contributes to the homeostasis of the serum of dialysis patients and thus has an impact on their morbidity and mortality. The choice of dialysate must ensure adequate control of long-term effects while tolerating short-term changes during dialysis. This article illustrates the essential aspects of the key components of the dialysate solution (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate and glucose) and aims to encourage the readers to make an individualized dialysate prescription based on patient-specific factors.</p>