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<p>Fungal stem cankers threaten <i>Pinus radiata</i> plantations in Chile, yet early detection within woody tissues remains challenging because conventional diagnostics provide limited spatial information and can be destructive and time-consuming. We assessed attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) chemical imaging to detect and map <i>Corinectria constricta</i> (flute canker agent) within experimentally inoculated <i>P. radiata</i> stems. We derived an ATR-FTIR fingerprint of <i>C. constricta</i> from mycelium-conidia preparations on cellulose substrates. Six-month-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with ascospores and maintained for 3 months under controlled conditions; infection was verified by re-isolation and PCR. Transverse stem sections were analyzed using ATR-FTIR imaging. Chemical maps were generated from a diagnostic amide I feature (1692&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), and principal component analysis visualized spatial heterogeneity. The fungal spectrum showed characteristic protein and carbohydrate bands. The amide I peak at 1692&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> enabled consistent visual separation of fungus-associated absorbance from surrounding wood in laboratory-prepared sections. Spatial maps revealed heterogeneous colonization patterns that did not follow simple radial gradients. Under controlled conditions, ATR-FTIR imaging provides rapid, label-free chemical maps consistent with <i>C. constricta</i> presence in <i>P. radiata</i> wood. This preliminary study supports the technique’s potential as a complementary laboratory approach for spatially resolved investigations. Validation on naturally infected field material, broader fungal comparisons, expanded replication, and quantitative classification models are required before operational deployment.</p>

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A preliminary assessment of ATR-FTIR imaging for detecting and mapping Corinectria constricta in Pinus radiata wood in Chile

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Cristian González,
  • Aldo Rolleri,
  • Maximilian Wentzel,
  • Tania Vásquez,
  • Cristian Montalva

摘要

Fungal stem cankers threaten Pinus radiata plantations in Chile, yet early detection within woody tissues remains challenging because conventional diagnostics provide limited spatial information and can be destructive and time-consuming. We assessed attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) chemical imaging to detect and map Corinectria constricta (flute canker agent) within experimentally inoculated P. radiata stems. We derived an ATR-FTIR fingerprint of C. constricta from mycelium-conidia preparations on cellulose substrates. Six-month-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with ascospores and maintained for 3 months under controlled conditions; infection was verified by re-isolation and PCR. Transverse stem sections were analyzed using ATR-FTIR imaging. Chemical maps were generated from a diagnostic amide I feature (1692 cm⁻1), and principal component analysis visualized spatial heterogeneity. The fungal spectrum showed characteristic protein and carbohydrate bands. The amide I peak at 1692 cm⁻1 enabled consistent visual separation of fungus-associated absorbance from surrounding wood in laboratory-prepared sections. Spatial maps revealed heterogeneous colonization patterns that did not follow simple radial gradients. Under controlled conditions, ATR-FTIR imaging provides rapid, label-free chemical maps consistent with C. constricta presence in P. radiata wood. This preliminary study supports the technique’s potential as a complementary laboratory approach for spatially resolved investigations. Validation on naturally infected field material, broader fungal comparisons, expanded replication, and quantitative classification models are required before operational deployment.