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<p>The availability of nitrogen significantly influences plant growth, development, and yield. Although excessive nitrogen has led to increased crop yields, but at the cost of deteriorating agricultural ecosystems. Given the trade-offs associated with nitrogen use, exploring alternative biological strategies such as symbiotic associations offers a sustainable means to enhance plant resilience. <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes form a symbiotic relationship with <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> and increase host’s tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of <i>Epichloë gansuensis</i> in enhancing <i>A. inebrians</i> tolerance to nitrogen deficiency stress is limited. Therefore, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were employed to explore the mechanism through which <i>E. gansuensis</i> increases host’ s tolerance to nitrogen deficiency stress. The results from this study showed that <i>E. gansuensis</i> regulated transcriptional processes associated with several pathways in <i>A. inebrians</i> under nitrogen deficiency stress, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transmission. In response to nitrogen deficiency stress, <i>E. gansuensis</i> initiated a shift in amino acid metabolism towards secondary pathways, particularly those of lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, <i>E. gansuensis</i> significantly increased the activities of AspAT and AS in the leaves, thereby improving ammonia assimilation and maintaining amino acid homeostasis in <i>A. inebrians</i> leaves under nitrogen deficiency stress. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which <i>E. gansuensis</i> mediates the response of <i>A. inebrians</i> (leaves and roots) to nitrogen deficiency stress, and this mechanism may be beneficial for breeding nitrogen deficiency tolerance in plants using endophytic fungi.</p>

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Exploring the molecular mechanism of Epichloë gansuensis in enhancing the tolerance of Achnatherum inebrians to nitrogen deficiency stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Ronggui Liu,
  • Hanwen Zhang,
  • Beichen Wang,
  • Jie Jin,
  • Chao Xia,
  • Kamran Malik,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Rong Zheng,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Jianfeng Wang

摘要

The availability of nitrogen significantly influences plant growth, development, and yield. Although excessive nitrogen has led to increased crop yields, but at the cost of deteriorating agricultural ecosystems. Given the trade-offs associated with nitrogen use, exploring alternative biological strategies such as symbiotic associations offers a sustainable means to enhance plant resilience. Epichloë endophytes form a symbiotic relationship with Achnatherum inebrians and increase host’s tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of Epichloë gansuensis in enhancing A. inebrians tolerance to nitrogen deficiency stress is limited. Therefore, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were employed to explore the mechanism through which E. gansuensis increases host’ s tolerance to nitrogen deficiency stress. The results from this study showed that E. gansuensis regulated transcriptional processes associated with several pathways in A. inebrians under nitrogen deficiency stress, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transmission. In response to nitrogen deficiency stress, E. gansuensis initiated a shift in amino acid metabolism towards secondary pathways, particularly those of lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, E. gansuensis significantly increased the activities of AspAT and AS in the leaves, thereby improving ammonia assimilation and maintaining amino acid homeostasis in A. inebrians leaves under nitrogen deficiency stress. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which E. gansuensis mediates the response of A. inebrians (leaves and roots) to nitrogen deficiency stress, and this mechanism may be beneficial for breeding nitrogen deficiency tolerance in plants using endophytic fungi.