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<p>The <i>Gyromitra </i><i>brunnea</i> lineage contains ten described species that occur throughout Asia, Europe, and North America and includes <i>G. brunnea</i>, <i>G. caroliniana</i>, <i>G. costata</i>, <i>G. fastigiata</i>, <i>G. grandis</i>, <i>G. krombholzii</i>, <i>G. martinii</i>, <i>G. parma, G. pratensis</i>, and <i>G. slonevskii</i>. ITS1, ITS2, LSU, and <i>TEF-1</i> sequences from 107 specimens, including type specimens for seven of the ten taxa, were included in phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted for the ITS1, ITS2, LSU, and <i>TEF-1</i>. Although ITS1, ITS2, and <i>TEF-1</i> exhibited sufficient variability to discriminate among species in the <i>G. brunnea</i> lineage, LSU displayed little variability and should not be used as a molecular marker for separating taxa in this group. No voucher specimens exist for <i>G. krombholzii</i> or <i>G. slonevskii</i>. The holotype of <i>G. pratensis</i> is preserved in formaldehyde and Illumina sequencing was unsuccessful. A lectotype, which invalidates the current neotype, and an epitype are designated for <i>G. caroliniana</i>. A neotype and isoneotype are designated for <i>G. costata</i>. Molecular data from the ITS2 region is provided for the first time for the lectotype and isolectotype of <i>G. brunnea</i>, the former neotype and epitype of <i>G. caroliniana</i>, the neotype and isoneotype of <i>G. costata</i>, the isoepitype of <i>G. grandis,</i> the isolectotype of <i>G. martini</i>, and the holotype of <i>G. parma</i> and from the entire ITS for the isoepitype of <i>G. fastigiata</i>. <i>Gyromitra costata</i> is confirmed to be a synonym of <i>G. caroliniana</i> based on molecular data. <i>Gyromitra fastigiata</i> and <i>G. slonevskii</i> are confirmed to be synonyms of <i>G. grandis</i> based on molecular data. The North American <i>G. brunnea</i> and European <i>G. parma</i> occur as moderately supported sister species, as do the North American <i>G. caroliniana</i> and Asian/European <i>G. grandis</i>. The European <i>G. martinii</i> occurs as a separate lineage. A well-supported clade containing specimens from Japan that are morphologically similar to <i>G. parma</i> is described as a new species. A key to species based on morphology and geography is provided.</p>

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Studies in Gyromitra III: the Gyromitra brunnea lineage including G. japonica sp. nov.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Andrew N. Miller,
  • Alden C. Dirks,
  • Nicolas Van Vooren,
  • Andrew S. Methven

摘要

The Gyromitra brunnea lineage contains ten described species that occur throughout Asia, Europe, and North America and includes G. brunnea, G. caroliniana, G. costata, G. fastigiata, G. grandis, G. krombholzii, G. martinii, G. parma, G. pratensis, and G. slonevskii. ITS1, ITS2, LSU, and TEF-1 sequences from 107 specimens, including type specimens for seven of the ten taxa, were included in phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted for the ITS1, ITS2, LSU, and TEF-1. Although ITS1, ITS2, and TEF-1 exhibited sufficient variability to discriminate among species in the G. brunnea lineage, LSU displayed little variability and should not be used as a molecular marker for separating taxa in this group. No voucher specimens exist for G. krombholzii or G. slonevskii. The holotype of G. pratensis is preserved in formaldehyde and Illumina sequencing was unsuccessful. A lectotype, which invalidates the current neotype, and an epitype are designated for G. caroliniana. A neotype and isoneotype are designated for G. costata. Molecular data from the ITS2 region is provided for the first time for the lectotype and isolectotype of G. brunnea, the former neotype and epitype of G. caroliniana, the neotype and isoneotype of G. costata, the isoepitype of G. grandis, the isolectotype of G. martini, and the holotype of G. parma and from the entire ITS for the isoepitype of G. fastigiata. Gyromitra costata is confirmed to be a synonym of G. caroliniana based on molecular data. Gyromitra fastigiata and G. slonevskii are confirmed to be synonyms of G. grandis based on molecular data. The North American G. brunnea and European G. parma occur as moderately supported sister species, as do the North American G. caroliniana and Asian/European G. grandis. The European G. martinii occurs as a separate lineage. A well-supported clade containing specimens from Japan that are morphologically similar to G. parma is described as a new species. A key to species based on morphology and geography is provided.