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<p>This study presents a novel comprehensive fraction-specific evaluation of <i>Cissus quadrangularis</i> L. (Veldt grape) aerial fractions, including leaf (CQL), stem pulp (CQP) and stem pulp with peel (CQWP), to establish the mechanistic composition-structure-function relationships relevant to functional food applications. Each fraction exhibited tissue-specific compositional and biophysical traits. CQL showed elevated protein (16.82%), essential amino acids (6.22%), unsaturated fatty acids (3.38%), flavonoids and antioxidant activity. In contrast, the fibre and mineral-rich CQWP exhibited higher crystallinity (93%), thermal stability and reduced digestibility (19.33%) with elevated antinutrient levels. Meanwhile, CQP presented a predominantly amorphous carbohydrate-rich matrix with improved digestibility (53.57%), higher essential amino acid index (EAAI: 50.95%) and relatively lower antinutrient levels. FTIR, XRD, SEM, thermal, zeta potential and metabolite analyses supported by Pearson Correlation and Principal Component Analysis, revealed that tissue-specific composition and structural orientation govern nutritional and biophysical functionality. Crystalline fibre-rich matrices restricted digestibility with enhanced thermal stability, whereas amorphous polysaccharide nature improved nutrient accessibility, and bioactive-rich matrix exhibited improved antioxidant activity. Collectively, these findings establish a fraction-specific composition-structure-function framework and provide a scientific basis for the targeted utilization of veldt grape aerial fractions as a next-generation functional food innovation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Characterization of Cissus quadrangularis L. (Veldt Grape) Aerial Fractions: Integrating Nutritional and Biophysical Properties for Functional Food Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Namakkal Bommurasu Nishaant,
  • Kottur Senthilkumar Navin Venketeish,
  • Nagamaniammai Govindarajan

摘要

This study presents a novel comprehensive fraction-specific evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis L. (Veldt grape) aerial fractions, including leaf (CQL), stem pulp (CQP) and stem pulp with peel (CQWP), to establish the mechanistic composition-structure-function relationships relevant to functional food applications. Each fraction exhibited tissue-specific compositional and biophysical traits. CQL showed elevated protein (16.82%), essential amino acids (6.22%), unsaturated fatty acids (3.38%), flavonoids and antioxidant activity. In contrast, the fibre and mineral-rich CQWP exhibited higher crystallinity (93%), thermal stability and reduced digestibility (19.33%) with elevated antinutrient levels. Meanwhile, CQP presented a predominantly amorphous carbohydrate-rich matrix with improved digestibility (53.57%), higher essential amino acid index (EAAI: 50.95%) and relatively lower antinutrient levels. FTIR, XRD, SEM, thermal, zeta potential and metabolite analyses supported by Pearson Correlation and Principal Component Analysis, revealed that tissue-specific composition and structural orientation govern nutritional and biophysical functionality. Crystalline fibre-rich matrices restricted digestibility with enhanced thermal stability, whereas amorphous polysaccharide nature improved nutrient accessibility, and bioactive-rich matrix exhibited improved antioxidant activity. Collectively, these findings establish a fraction-specific composition-structure-function framework and provide a scientific basis for the targeted utilization of veldt grape aerial fractions as a next-generation functional food innovation.

Graphical abstract