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<p>This study explores how positive and negative emotions affect happiness in Southeast Asia, comparing Buddhist-majority countries with Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries using World Happiness Report data (2009–2023). The results show that positive emotions significantly enhance happiness, with the strongest effects in Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries. Negative emotions consistently lower happiness, particularly in Muslim-majority nations. Cultural heritage (CH) and living culture (LC) also shape emotional experiences, with CH promoting emotional regulation in Buddhist-majority countries, reducing negative emotions but limiting the positive impact of positive emotions. In Christian-majority countries, CH enhances positive emotions, while LC more effectively regulates negative emotions in Buddhist-majority countries. The findings highlight the importance of cultural and religious contexts in shaping happiness and suggest that emotionally tailored policies that focus on cultural values and social support can improve well-being across diverse Southeast Asian nations.</p>

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Beyond GDP: How Positive and Negative Emotions Shape Happiness in Southeast Asia’s Diverse Religious Contexts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Tuyen Tiet,
  • Quoc Tran-Nam

摘要

This study explores how positive and negative emotions affect happiness in Southeast Asia, comparing Buddhist-majority countries with Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries using World Happiness Report data (2009–2023). The results show that positive emotions significantly enhance happiness, with the strongest effects in Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries. Negative emotions consistently lower happiness, particularly in Muslim-majority nations. Cultural heritage (CH) and living culture (LC) also shape emotional experiences, with CH promoting emotional regulation in Buddhist-majority countries, reducing negative emotions but limiting the positive impact of positive emotions. In Christian-majority countries, CH enhances positive emotions, while LC more effectively regulates negative emotions in Buddhist-majority countries. The findings highlight the importance of cultural and religious contexts in shaping happiness and suggest that emotionally tailored policies that focus on cultural values and social support can improve well-being across diverse Southeast Asian nations.