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<p>Cyberbullying involvement (CI) is a significant risk factor for internalizing symptoms. This three-wave longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the impact of different types of CI on internalizing symptoms among Chinese college students and examine the mediating role of perceived stress. A total of 7,892 Chinese college students completed three web-based surveys at baseline (Time 1, T1: October 17 to 29, 2023), six months later (Time 2, T2: April 15 to 24, 2024), and one year later (Time 3, T3: October 16 to 19, 2024). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographic, CI, perceived stress, and internalizing symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that T2 perceived stress mediated the association between T1 cybervictimization and T3 internalizing symptoms, but not the association with T1 cyberbullying, when both cyberbullying and cybervictimization were treated as continuous variables. Baseline CI was further divided into four types and treated as a categorical variable: no involvement (NI; n = 5,875, 74.5%), pure cyberbullying perpetrators (CB; n = 331, 4.2%), pure cyberbullying victims (CV; n = 871, 11.0%), and both cyberbullying victims and perpetrators (VP; n = 815, 10.3%). Relative mediation analysis showed that T2 perceived stress fully mediated the T1 CB → T3 internalizing problems, and partially mediated both the T1 CV → T3 internalizing problems and T1 VP → T3 internalizing problems, compared to the NI group. These findings suggest perceived stress is a key mediator linking CI to internalizing symptoms. Interventions should target perceived stress across different involvement types, especially among those involved as both victims and perpetrators.</p>

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Perceived Stress as a Mediator Between Cyberbullying Involvement and Internalizing Symptoms in Chinese College Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Xian Zhao,
  • Bingna Xu,
  • Chenjing Wu,
  • Dongfang Wang

摘要

Cyberbullying involvement (CI) is a significant risk factor for internalizing symptoms. This three-wave longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the impact of different types of CI on internalizing symptoms among Chinese college students and examine the mediating role of perceived stress. A total of 7,892 Chinese college students completed three web-based surveys at baseline (Time 1, T1: October 17 to 29, 2023), six months later (Time 2, T2: April 15 to 24, 2024), and one year later (Time 3, T3: October 16 to 19, 2024). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographic, CI, perceived stress, and internalizing symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that T2 perceived stress mediated the association between T1 cybervictimization and T3 internalizing symptoms, but not the association with T1 cyberbullying, when both cyberbullying and cybervictimization were treated as continuous variables. Baseline CI was further divided into four types and treated as a categorical variable: no involvement (NI; n = 5,875, 74.5%), pure cyberbullying perpetrators (CB; n = 331, 4.2%), pure cyberbullying victims (CV; n = 871, 11.0%), and both cyberbullying victims and perpetrators (VP; n = 815, 10.3%). Relative mediation analysis showed that T2 perceived stress fully mediated the T1 CB → T3 internalizing problems, and partially mediated both the T1 CV → T3 internalizing problems and T1 VP → T3 internalizing problems, compared to the NI group. These findings suggest perceived stress is a key mediator linking CI to internalizing symptoms. Interventions should target perceived stress across different involvement types, especially among those involved as both victims and perpetrators.