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<p>This study proposed a novel D-shaped optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for refractive index (RI) sensing, featuring a bimetallic (Ag-Au) layer integrated with a titanium oxide coating (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and two different two-dimensional (2D) materials, namely, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), and Graphene (GN). Surface plasmon waves are developed at the metal-dielectric surface when the evanescent field of the fiber mode excites the metal electrons under phase-matching conditions. Variations in the RI of the optofluidic medium are detected by monitoring shifts of the resonance absorption peaks. The architecture of D-shaped fiber is used to optimize the performance of the sensor through finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the key parameters such as the number of gratings, grating period, gap between two gratings, and residual cladding. The impact of the deposited layer thickness on sensor sensitivity is systematically investigated. A maximum 15,030&#xa0;nm/ RIU sensitivity was achieved through this suggested design. The findings indicate that the multilayer grating-assisted structure provides 110% higher sensitivity than a conventional Ag-grated D-shaped fiber SPR sensor. The proposed sensor’s results highlight the potential for highly sensitive chemical and biochemical sensing, as well as future sensing applications.</p>

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Highly Sensitive Multilayer Grating-Induced D-shaped Optical Fiber for SPR-based Opto-fluidic Sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Bishnu Daripa,
  • Dipanjan Karmakar,
  • Shyamal Mondal,
  • Shyamal Das,
  • Anirban Dhar

摘要

This study proposed a novel D-shaped optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for refractive index (RI) sensing, featuring a bimetallic (Ag-Au) layer integrated with a titanium oxide coating (TiO2) and two different two-dimensional (2D) materials, namely, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and Graphene (GN). Surface plasmon waves are developed at the metal-dielectric surface when the evanescent field of the fiber mode excites the metal electrons under phase-matching conditions. Variations in the RI of the optofluidic medium are detected by monitoring shifts of the resonance absorption peaks. The architecture of D-shaped fiber is used to optimize the performance of the sensor through finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the key parameters such as the number of gratings, grating period, gap between two gratings, and residual cladding. The impact of the deposited layer thickness on sensor sensitivity is systematically investigated. A maximum 15,030 nm/ RIU sensitivity was achieved through this suggested design. The findings indicate that the multilayer grating-assisted structure provides 110% higher sensitivity than a conventional Ag-grated D-shaped fiber SPR sensor. The proposed sensor’s results highlight the potential for highly sensitive chemical and biochemical sensing, as well as future sensing applications.