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<p>A rapid and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the determination of the sulfur-containing drugs carbocisteine (CAR) and methionine (MET) using α-histidine-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a first reported spectrophotometric probe for these drugs. These nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction and subsequently stabilized with α-histidine to form a stable colloidal system (Sol 25). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometrically and voltammetrically to confirm nanoparticle formation, morphology, and electrochemical behavior. The sensing mechanism is based on the interaction between the sulfur-containing drugs and the surface of the stabilized AgNPs, which induces nanoparticle aggregation and results in a noticeable decrease in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption intensity at approximately 390&#xa0;nm. Several experimental parameters that could affect the analytical response were systematically investigated, including buffer type, pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength. The optimal analytical conditions were achieved using borate buffer at pH 9.0 and room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration relationships were obtained within the concentration ranges of 1.0–10.0&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 1.5–15.0&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ for MET, with correlation coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.9714, respectively. The developed method exhibited good sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.322&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 0.403&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ for MET. The applicability of the proposed method was successfully demonstrated through the determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked blood serum samples, yielding good recovery values and acceptable precision. These results indicate that α-histidine-stabilized AgNPs provide an efficient, selective and cost-effective colorimetric sensing platform for the determination of sulfur-containing drugs, offering advantages such as simplicity, rapid response, and simple preparation compared with conventional analytical techniques.</p>

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Histidine-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles: Molecular Interaction–Driven Spectrophotometric Sensing of Sulfur-Containing Drugs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Mohammed A. Kassem,
  • M. Khairy,
  • Hadeel A. Sadeeq,
  • M. I. Awad

摘要

A rapid and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the determination of the sulfur-containing drugs carbocisteine (CAR) and methionine (MET) using α-histidine-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a first reported spectrophotometric probe for these drugs. These nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction and subsequently stabilized with α-histidine to form a stable colloidal system (Sol 25). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometrically and voltammetrically to confirm nanoparticle formation, morphology, and electrochemical behavior. The sensing mechanism is based on the interaction between the sulfur-containing drugs and the surface of the stabilized AgNPs, which induces nanoparticle aggregation and results in a noticeable decrease in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption intensity at approximately 390 nm. Several experimental parameters that could affect the analytical response were systematically investigated, including buffer type, pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength. The optimal analytical conditions were achieved using borate buffer at pH 9.0 and room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration relationships were obtained within the concentration ranges of 1.0–10.0 µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 1.5–15.0 µg mL⁻¹ for MET, with correlation coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.9714, respectively. The developed method exhibited good sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.322 µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 0.403 µg mL⁻¹ for MET. The applicability of the proposed method was successfully demonstrated through the determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked blood serum samples, yielding good recovery values and acceptable precision. These results indicate that α-histidine-stabilized AgNPs provide an efficient, selective and cost-effective colorimetric sensing platform for the determination of sulfur-containing drugs, offering advantages such as simplicity, rapid response, and simple preparation compared with conventional analytical techniques.