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<p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and are emerging as important biomarkers for metabolic diseases, liver disorders, diabetes, and certain cancers. In this work, a novel Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor based on a multilayer heterostructure of SF10 prism / TiO₂ (2&#xa0;nm) / Au (50&#xa0;nm) / Bi₂Se₃ / MoS₂ is proposed and numerically investigated for enhanced detection of BCAAs in blood or plasma. The SF10 prism enables efficient coupling of incident light to surface plasmons due to its high refractive index. Gold (Au) is employed as the plasmonic metal owing to its excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of the Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterostructure enhances the electric field intensity at the metal–dielectric interface, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection figure of merit (DFoM) of the biosensor. The sensor performance is analyzed using numerical simulations based on the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), demonstrating high sensitivity to small refractive index variations in the range of 1.371–1.402, relevant for BCAA detection. Furthermore, key performance parameters such as sensitivity, quality factor, and detection accuracy indicate that the proposed sensor outperforms conventional SPR sensors, offering a promising platform for selective and label-free detection of BCAAs at micromolar concentrations.</p>

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Design and Numerical Analysis of a Label-free Nano Biosensor Employing a Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ Heterostructure for Enhanced Detection of Branched-chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Vipul Agarwal,
  • Prakash Pareek,
  • Lokendra Singh,
  • Bukya Balaji,
  • D. Sreenivasa Rao,
  • Sumit Gupta

摘要

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and are emerging as important biomarkers for metabolic diseases, liver disorders, diabetes, and certain cancers. In this work, a novel Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor based on a multilayer heterostructure of SF10 prism / TiO₂ (2 nm) / Au (50 nm) / Bi₂Se₃ / MoS₂ is proposed and numerically investigated for enhanced detection of BCAAs in blood or plasma. The SF10 prism enables efficient coupling of incident light to surface plasmons due to its high refractive index. Gold (Au) is employed as the plasmonic metal owing to its excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of the Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterostructure enhances the electric field intensity at the metal–dielectric interface, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection figure of merit (DFoM) of the biosensor. The sensor performance is analyzed using numerical simulations based on the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), demonstrating high sensitivity to small refractive index variations in the range of 1.371–1.402, relevant for BCAA detection. Furthermore, key performance parameters such as sensitivity, quality factor, and detection accuracy indicate that the proposed sensor outperforms conventional SPR sensors, offering a promising platform for selective and label-free detection of BCAAs at micromolar concentrations.