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<p>Broadband infrared (IR) emitters are essential for nondestructive inspection, process monitoring, and dynamic displays; however, simultaneously controlling emission footprint and spectral output in a scalable platform remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an intact-graphene IR emitter integrated on a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) via wet transfer, enabling cost-effective, large-area fabrication. Rather than aiming to maximize absolute emissivity, this work exploits graphene as an atomically thin, electrically reconfigurable electro-thermal medium for spatially programmable IR emission. Angle-engineered butterfly electrodes reshape the local electric field and Joule-heating distribution, allowing reversible programming of the spatial thermal-IR profile without chemical doping, surface functionalization, or composite formation. The continuous two-dimensional conductivity, broadband optical response, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with van der Waals integration make graphene particularly suitable for programmable flexible IR sources. Spectroscopy confirms broadband emission in both the near-IR (1–3&#xa0;μm) and mid-to-long-wave IR (5–25&#xa0;μm) bands, with band-averaged normalized intensity tunable from 0.70 to 0.80 (1–3&#xa0;μm) and 0.08–0.62 (5–25&#xa0;μm) by electrode-angle modulation. Thermal-IR imaging further shows that the emission footprint length is continuously tunable from 5 to 50&#xa0;mm. The device endures &gt; 10,000 driving cycles and retains stable performance for &gt; 200 days in ambient air. Finally, a 4 × 4 (16-pixel) flexible IR display panel based on a 5&#xa0;cm × 6&#xa0;cm graphene sheet delivers stable thermographic patterns under bending and rolling, highlighting a scalable route to spatially programmable graphene-based IR sources and flexible IR displays.</p>

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Nondestructively Integrated Graphene Infrared Emitter with Angle-Programmable Emission Patterns for Flexible Array Displays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Shuqi Han,
  • Kaixi Bi,
  • Jialiang Chen,
  • Yibo Wang,
  • Jianqiu Yao,
  • Yifan Li,
  • Linyu Mei,
  • Jian He

摘要

Broadband infrared (IR) emitters are essential for nondestructive inspection, process monitoring, and dynamic displays; however, simultaneously controlling emission footprint and spectral output in a scalable platform remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an intact-graphene IR emitter integrated on a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) via wet transfer, enabling cost-effective, large-area fabrication. Rather than aiming to maximize absolute emissivity, this work exploits graphene as an atomically thin, electrically reconfigurable electro-thermal medium for spatially programmable IR emission. Angle-engineered butterfly electrodes reshape the local electric field and Joule-heating distribution, allowing reversible programming of the spatial thermal-IR profile without chemical doping, surface functionalization, or composite formation. The continuous two-dimensional conductivity, broadband optical response, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with van der Waals integration make graphene particularly suitable for programmable flexible IR sources. Spectroscopy confirms broadband emission in both the near-IR (1–3 μm) and mid-to-long-wave IR (5–25 μm) bands, with band-averaged normalized intensity tunable from 0.70 to 0.80 (1–3 μm) and 0.08–0.62 (5–25 μm) by electrode-angle modulation. Thermal-IR imaging further shows that the emission footprint length is continuously tunable from 5 to 50 mm. The device endures > 10,000 driving cycles and retains stable performance for > 200 days in ambient air. Finally, a 4 × 4 (16-pixel) flexible IR display panel based on a 5 cm × 6 cm graphene sheet delivers stable thermographic patterns under bending and rolling, highlighting a scalable route to spatially programmable graphene-based IR sources and flexible IR displays.