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<p>In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a Schiff-base chemosensor, (<i>E</i>)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-N’-(1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (<b>3</b>), obtained by coupling 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide with thiophene derivatives. The resulting sensor exhibits a highly selective and sensitive turn-off fluorescence response toward Fe³⁺ ions, while showing negligible interference from other competing metal cations. Sensor <b>3</b> displays rapid response, remarkable sensitivity, and an impressively low limit of detection (LOD), making it well-suited for trace-level monitoring. Its stability and compatibility in mixed organ aqueous media further enhance its analytical utility. Importantly, real-sample analysis of environmental water sources demonstrated excellent recovery rates, confirming the practical applicability of the sensor. Furthermore, reversibility studies revealed that the Fe³⁺–sensor complex could be regenerated upon EDTA addition, while photostability experiments showed that the fluorescence intensity of sensor <b>3</b> remained nearly unchanged under prolonged irradiation. Together, these findings highlight sensor <b>3</b> as a highly robust, selective, and reusable chemosensor with strong potential for environmental monitoring of Fe³⁺ ions.</p>

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A Hydrazone-based Fluorescent turn-off Sensor for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Iron (III) in Aqueous Media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月28日

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  • Haitham K.R. Al-Sharifi,
  • Ali Ibrahim Shkhair,
  • Muntadher M. Alwan Almijbilee,
  • Ayat Ayad Al-Sharifi

摘要

In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a Schiff-base chemosensor, (E)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-N’-(1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (3), obtained by coupling 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide with thiophene derivatives. The resulting sensor exhibits a highly selective and sensitive turn-off fluorescence response toward Fe³⁺ ions, while showing negligible interference from other competing metal cations. Sensor 3 displays rapid response, remarkable sensitivity, and an impressively low limit of detection (LOD), making it well-suited for trace-level monitoring. Its stability and compatibility in mixed organ aqueous media further enhance its analytical utility. Importantly, real-sample analysis of environmental water sources demonstrated excellent recovery rates, confirming the practical applicability of the sensor. Furthermore, reversibility studies revealed that the Fe³⁺–sensor complex could be regenerated upon EDTA addition, while photostability experiments showed that the fluorescence intensity of sensor 3 remained nearly unchanged under prolonged irradiation. Together, these findings highlight sensor 3 as a highly robust, selective, and reusable chemosensor with strong potential for environmental monitoring of Fe³⁺ ions.