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<p>The emerging tendencies in nanoscience emphasize the vital role of nanomaterials for environmental and biological uses. The purpose of this research was to synthesize efficient gold nanoparticles using a natural method that is witnessed to protect the environment and reduce cost. The mint leaf (<i>Mentha</i> sp) matriculate was chosen as a reducing and capping agent because mint is one of the important medicinal plants. Green synthesis is a reliable and 100% environmentally friendly method that uses natural materials rather than providing agents and chemicals for modifying the size and shape of nanoparticles. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles were pendant on the choice of laser pulse the nanoparticles. External use of gold nanoparticles while dye is being extracted from the plant. For a red in color dye to be extracted from this plant 45° and best treats by 1100&#xa0;mJ of laser pulse. The disaggregated gold nanoparticles of 10 − 2 Molar at 45&#xa0;°C were spherical in size and shape when treated with 1100&#xa0;mJ of the laser pulse. I carried out an experiment using 30 adult male albino rats that weighed 175–250&#xa0;g. I divided the experimental animals into three groups: group one was the control group, the second group received 0.5&#xa0;ml of gold nanoparticles that were exposed to the laser pulse, and the third group received 0.5&#xa0;ml of gold nanoparticles that were not exposed to the laser pulse. After a period of 35 days of dispensing and injection, I followed up by removing blood samples and testing them to determine the number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and kidney function parameters such as urea, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The kidneys were fixed in 10% formalin, processed, sectioned, and analyzed histologically. The kidney results were linear and grouped into either control groups or groups exposed to such nanoparticles for comparison. The results were analyzed to determine which nanoparticles, whether those exposed to laser pulses or not. There group exhibited toxicity effects to kidney tissue. The group of gold nanoparticles that showed no significant changes from the control groups were the gold nanoparticles exposed to laser pulses. The gold nanoparticles not exposed to laser pulse showed significant changes in blood cell count, hemoglobin percentage, and significantly damaged kidney tissues when compared to the control group and the gold nanoparticles that had been exposed to laser pulses.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Toxicological Effect of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis with Mentha sp Extract Exposed and Unexposed to Laser Pulses on the Kidneys of Adult Male Rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Shurooq Ibrahim Mahmood,
  • Amal K. Abbas,
  • Ashraf M. Alattar

摘要

The emerging tendencies in nanoscience emphasize the vital role of nanomaterials for environmental and biological uses. The purpose of this research was to synthesize efficient gold nanoparticles using a natural method that is witnessed to protect the environment and reduce cost. The mint leaf (Mentha sp) matriculate was chosen as a reducing and capping agent because mint is one of the important medicinal plants. Green synthesis is a reliable and 100% environmentally friendly method that uses natural materials rather than providing agents and chemicals for modifying the size and shape of nanoparticles. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles were pendant on the choice of laser pulse the nanoparticles. External use of gold nanoparticles while dye is being extracted from the plant. For a red in color dye to be extracted from this plant 45° and best treats by 1100 mJ of laser pulse. The disaggregated gold nanoparticles of 10 − 2 Molar at 45 °C were spherical in size and shape when treated with 1100 mJ of the laser pulse. I carried out an experiment using 30 adult male albino rats that weighed 175–250 g. I divided the experimental animals into three groups: group one was the control group, the second group received 0.5 ml of gold nanoparticles that were exposed to the laser pulse, and the third group received 0.5 ml of gold nanoparticles that were not exposed to the laser pulse. After a period of 35 days of dispensing and injection, I followed up by removing blood samples and testing them to determine the number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and kidney function parameters such as urea, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The kidneys were fixed in 10% formalin, processed, sectioned, and analyzed histologically. The kidney results were linear and grouped into either control groups or groups exposed to such nanoparticles for comparison. The results were analyzed to determine which nanoparticles, whether those exposed to laser pulses or not. There group exhibited toxicity effects to kidney tissue. The group of gold nanoparticles that showed no significant changes from the control groups were the gold nanoparticles exposed to laser pulses. The gold nanoparticles not exposed to laser pulse showed significant changes in blood cell count, hemoglobin percentage, and significantly damaged kidney tissues when compared to the control group and the gold nanoparticles that had been exposed to laser pulses.

Graphical Abstract