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<p>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a cornerstone technique in nanoplasmonics, enabling ultrasensitive molecular detection through the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in noble metal nanostructures. This review highlights the emerging role of microneedle and nanoneedle-based plasmonic platforms as efficient SERS substrates for applications in biomedical diagnostics, pharmaceutical monitoring, and environmental sensing. We explore the fundamental plasmonic mechanisms underlying electromagnetic field enhancement in needle-like architectures, along with recent progress in fabrication techniques, such as lithographic patterning, template-assisted growth, and chemical etching. Case studies involving cancer cell discrimination, antioxidant molecule detection, and drug level tracking are discussed, demonstrating the capabilities of these 3D plasmonic structures for label-free, in situ analysis. We also address critical challenges such as tip functionalization, penetration depth, and biocompatibility. Finally, future directions are proposed to optimize nanoneedle-based SERS systems for integration into wearable, flexible, and implantable sensing devices.</p>

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Advances in Plasmonic Microneedle and Nanoneedle Architectures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Toward High-Sensitivity Biomedical and Environmental Sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Sattar H. Abed,
  • Maryam Hakim Flayih,
  • Akram Rostaminia,
  • Shaymaa Awad Kadhim,
  • Ameer F. Shamkhi,
  • Mohammad Waleed M. Sadaka,
  • Masoomeh Sadat Fini,
  • Vahid Eskandari,
  • Kamran Heydaryan

摘要

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a cornerstone technique in nanoplasmonics, enabling ultrasensitive molecular detection through the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in noble metal nanostructures. This review highlights the emerging role of microneedle and nanoneedle-based plasmonic platforms as efficient SERS substrates for applications in biomedical diagnostics, pharmaceutical monitoring, and environmental sensing. We explore the fundamental plasmonic mechanisms underlying electromagnetic field enhancement in needle-like architectures, along with recent progress in fabrication techniques, such as lithographic patterning, template-assisted growth, and chemical etching. Case studies involving cancer cell discrimination, antioxidant molecule detection, and drug level tracking are discussed, demonstrating the capabilities of these 3D plasmonic structures for label-free, in situ analysis. We also address critical challenges such as tip functionalization, penetration depth, and biocompatibility. Finally, future directions are proposed to optimize nanoneedle-based SERS systems for integration into wearable, flexible, and implantable sensing devices.