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<p>This works presents a Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP)-based sensor for the identification of the degree of adulteration in petrol. The proposed structure is designed by integrating black phosphorous (BP) with 1D photonic crystal (PhC), where the PhC is realized with an alternate stacking of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>. A defect layer is sandwiched between BP and PhC, which is filled with various concentrations of adulterated petrol for sensing purpose. The reflectance spectrum of the sensor is investigated by employing well-known transfer matrix method. The sensing principle is based on the analysis of the shift in the TPP mode wavelength with respect to different percentages of adulteration. The geometrical parameters like thickness of different layers and period of the PhC are suitably optimized to attain maximum performance. The significance of BP is studied and compared with the conventional metal for the generation of TPP mode. Furthermore, the electric field distribution is investigated in the structure. Simulation outcomes show a maximum sensitivity of 4900&#xa0;nm/RIU, maximum quality factor of 151.42, and minimum detection limit of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1.27\times10^{-4}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1.27</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> RIU are achieved with the designed sensor, which proves its potential applications in petrochemical industry.</p>

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A Proposal for Detecting Fuel Adulteration Using Black Phosphorous-Enhanced Tamm Plasmon Polariton Sensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Abinash Panda,
  • Mahmood Basil A. AL-Rawi,
  • Ahmed Zohier Ahmed Elhendi,
  • Mostafa R. Abukhadra,
  • Wail Al Zoubi,
  • Hussein A. Elsayed,
  • Ahmed Mehaney

摘要

This works presents a Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP)-based sensor for the identification of the degree of adulteration in petrol. The proposed structure is designed by integrating black phosphorous (BP) with 1D photonic crystal (PhC), where the PhC is realized with an alternate stacking of TiO2 and SiO2. A defect layer is sandwiched between BP and PhC, which is filled with various concentrations of adulterated petrol for sensing purpose. The reflectance spectrum of the sensor is investigated by employing well-known transfer matrix method. The sensing principle is based on the analysis of the shift in the TPP mode wavelength with respect to different percentages of adulteration. The geometrical parameters like thickness of different layers and period of the PhC are suitably optimized to attain maximum performance. The significance of BP is studied and compared with the conventional metal for the generation of TPP mode. Furthermore, the electric field distribution is investigated in the structure. Simulation outcomes show a maximum sensitivity of 4900 nm/RIU, maximum quality factor of 151.42, and minimum detection limit of \(1.27\times10^{-4}\) 1.27 × 10 - 4 RIU are achieved with the designed sensor, which proves its potential applications in petrochemical industry.