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<p>The study presents a theoretical and computational study of a ZBLAN fiber-based SPR sensor in the NIR region of wavelength. Malignant liver tissues are considered as analytes, and the analysis is carried out under the phenomenon of optimum radiation damping (ORD). The sensor architecture incorporates an amorphous silicon (a-Si) substrate and silver metal (Ag) along with tellurium dioxide (TeO₂) as an absorption enhancement layer. Utilizing the dynamic nature of ORD, the quantitative analysis is carried out to observe the contribution of individual layers, their respective thicknesses, and operating wavelength towards absorption enhancement and optimization of figure of merit (FOM). The results are further explained in terms of physical concepts such as power loss, field enhancement, and Rayleigh scattering in the sensors. The systematic optimization of thickness and wavelength led to a maximum FOM of 15,810 RIU<sup>−1</sup> with an extremely small FWHM (width of spectrum) of 0.012°. The calculated power loss ratio (PLR) is 6.039 with combined performance factor (CPF) of 92337 μm<sup>4</sup>/RIU. After optimization, the PLR enhances by nearly five times to the initial values. A high PLR and FOM values show ultrasensitive detection, while a small FWHM shows well detectable sensing of malignancy in liver tissues. To the best of our knowledge, the exploitation of ORD for the detection of liver malignancy using ZBLAN fiber, NaF cladding, and an a-Si/Ag/TeO₂ heterostructure has been explored for the first time.</p>

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Near Infrared Sensing of Liver Cancer Using Fiber Optic SPR Biosensor in Performance Enhancement Using Optimum Radiation Damping

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Adarsh Chandra Mishra,
  • D. K. Dwivedi,
  • Anuj K. Sharma,
  • Pooja Lohia

摘要

The study presents a theoretical and computational study of a ZBLAN fiber-based SPR sensor in the NIR region of wavelength. Malignant liver tissues are considered as analytes, and the analysis is carried out under the phenomenon of optimum radiation damping (ORD). The sensor architecture incorporates an amorphous silicon (a-Si) substrate and silver metal (Ag) along with tellurium dioxide (TeO₂) as an absorption enhancement layer. Utilizing the dynamic nature of ORD, the quantitative analysis is carried out to observe the contribution of individual layers, their respective thicknesses, and operating wavelength towards absorption enhancement and optimization of figure of merit (FOM). The results are further explained in terms of physical concepts such as power loss, field enhancement, and Rayleigh scattering in the sensors. The systematic optimization of thickness and wavelength led to a maximum FOM of 15,810 RIU−1 with an extremely small FWHM (width of spectrum) of 0.012°. The calculated power loss ratio (PLR) is 6.039 with combined performance factor (CPF) of 92337 μm4/RIU. After optimization, the PLR enhances by nearly five times to the initial values. A high PLR and FOM values show ultrasensitive detection, while a small FWHM shows well detectable sensing of malignancy in liver tissues. To the best of our knowledge, the exploitation of ORD for the detection of liver malignancy using ZBLAN fiber, NaF cladding, and an a-Si/Ag/TeO₂ heterostructure has been explored for the first time.