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<p>This work introduces a highly sensitive D-type dual-channel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor designed to detect malaria-induced alterations in the refractive index of red blood cells. The sensor comprises an inner fiber layer, including six air holes that create a positive hexagonal configuration, and an exterior layer with nine symmetrically aligned air holes. The U-channel above the fiber core region is uniformly coated with a layer of gold nanofilms to induce the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The sensor’s geometrical characteristics, such as the gold film thickness, U-channel diameter, and air hole diameter, were tuned using the finite element approach to enhance its refractive index (RI) sensitivity. The simulation findings indicate that the sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 24,000&#xa0;nm/RIU, an ideal resolution of 4.20 × 10<sup>−7</sup> RIU, and a maximum quality factor of 221.36 RIU<sup>−1</sup> within the refractive index range of 1.33–1.43. The sensor’s straightforward design and elevated sensitivity present significant possibilities for application in the medical sector.</p>

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SPR-Based D-Type Dual-Channel PCF Sensor for Malaria Detection with High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Lindong Han,
  • Jingya Zhao,
  • Sihao Chen,
  • Zhongyang Li,
  • Pibin Bing,
  • Zhiliang Chen,
  • Silei Wang,
  • Lei Bai

摘要

This work introduces a highly sensitive D-type dual-channel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor designed to detect malaria-induced alterations in the refractive index of red blood cells. The sensor comprises an inner fiber layer, including six air holes that create a positive hexagonal configuration, and an exterior layer with nine symmetrically aligned air holes. The U-channel above the fiber core region is uniformly coated with a layer of gold nanofilms to induce the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The sensor’s geometrical characteristics, such as the gold film thickness, U-channel diameter, and air hole diameter, were tuned using the finite element approach to enhance its refractive index (RI) sensitivity. The simulation findings indicate that the sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 24,000 nm/RIU, an ideal resolution of 4.20 × 10−7 RIU, and a maximum quality factor of 221.36 RIU−1 within the refractive index range of 1.33–1.43. The sensor’s straightforward design and elevated sensitivity present significant possibilities for application in the medical sector.