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<p>Self-cleaning technologies have become essential for removing contaminants such as dust, chemicals, and microorganisms from a wide range of surfaces. Their applications are expanding across industries, including textiles, automotive, optics, marine, and healthcare. In light of recent global pandemics, maintaining surface hygiene has gained increased importance, driving the development of advanced materials with superior antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties. This mini-review presents a novel and integrated perspective on the rising role of core–shell nanostructures in self-cleaning surface technology. It uniquely combines discussions on photocatalysis, superhydrophobicity, laser-assisted cleaning, and self-engineering systems, offering a cross-disciplinary understanding from the lens of nanotechnology and surface science. This review explores recent progress in fabrication techniques, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial applications, with a particular focus on managing agglomeration, enhancing durability, and ensuring scalability. It also connects material innovations to practical applications in both biomedical and industrial contexts. Finally, the review identifies current challenges and presents a forward-looking perspective on the advancement of next-generation multifunctional self-cleaning surfaces. Despite advancements, the industry confronts significant obstacles, notably in designing self-cleaning surfaces that are functional but also cost-effective, long-lasting, ecologically friendly, and scalable. This review explores the importance of core–shell nanostructures in developing self-cleaning surface technologies. It offers a comprehensive analysis of fabrication methods, functional performance, and antibacterial applications from the viewpoint of materials science and nanotechnology, focusing on mechanisms such as photocatalysis and superhydrophobicity. Finally, the review addresses key limitations and explores future opportunities for implementing these advanced coatings in biomedical and industrial settings.</p>

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Core–Shell Nanostructures in Self-Cleaning Surface Technology: A Mini Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Takwa Sadeq Edan,
  • Adawiya J. Haider,
  • Fatima I. Sultan

摘要

Self-cleaning technologies have become essential for removing contaminants such as dust, chemicals, and microorganisms from a wide range of surfaces. Their applications are expanding across industries, including textiles, automotive, optics, marine, and healthcare. In light of recent global pandemics, maintaining surface hygiene has gained increased importance, driving the development of advanced materials with superior antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties. This mini-review presents a novel and integrated perspective on the rising role of core–shell nanostructures in self-cleaning surface technology. It uniquely combines discussions on photocatalysis, superhydrophobicity, laser-assisted cleaning, and self-engineering systems, offering a cross-disciplinary understanding from the lens of nanotechnology and surface science. This review explores recent progress in fabrication techniques, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial applications, with a particular focus on managing agglomeration, enhancing durability, and ensuring scalability. It also connects material innovations to practical applications in both biomedical and industrial contexts. Finally, the review identifies current challenges and presents a forward-looking perspective on the advancement of next-generation multifunctional self-cleaning surfaces. Despite advancements, the industry confronts significant obstacles, notably in designing self-cleaning surfaces that are functional but also cost-effective, long-lasting, ecologically friendly, and scalable. This review explores the importance of core–shell nanostructures in developing self-cleaning surface technologies. It offers a comprehensive analysis of fabrication methods, functional performance, and antibacterial applications from the viewpoint of materials science and nanotechnology, focusing on mechanisms such as photocatalysis and superhydrophobicity. Finally, the review addresses key limitations and explores future opportunities for implementing these advanced coatings in biomedical and industrial settings.