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<p>Au nanoframes can be useful for delivering drugs and treating cancer using heat. Their unique properties allow them to absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) range, which is good for medical applications. Photothermal therapy using Au nanoframes is popular because it is affordable, non-toxic, and does not harm healthy cells. The properties of these nanoframes can be adjusted by changing their thickness to achieve the desired NIR absorption. However, when creating these frames, or if too many are present during resonance, the small corners of cubic nanoframes may bend. This bending can lead to unwanted changes in size and structure, shifting the light absorption away from the target NIR range. Research shows that spherical nanoframes are more sensitive to changes in structure than cubic ones. Thus, a cubic nanoframe designed for a specific light absorption may experience undesired shifts because of curved edges and structural changes. To address these issues, we suggest using toroidal gold nanoframes with curved edges. Their design emphasizes the thickness parameter and is based on the porosity related to the particle structure. We simulate their light absorption using COMSOL Multiphysics to optimize their thickness for achieving light absorption in the NIR-II range (1000–1400&#xa0;nm). Unlike cubic and spherical frames that require adjustments in both thickness and porosity, toroidal frames can be fine-tuned simply by altering their thickness. This reduces the risk of undesirable shifts in light absorption due to changes in porosity. Additionally, the curved design of toroidal nanoframes makes them less likely to deform at sharp edges, a common problem with cubic frames. We present three designs of toroidal Au nanoframes: double perpendicular tori (DPT), triple crossed tori (TCT), and triple perpendicular tori (TPT). Our results show that adjusting these shapes’ thickness primarily determines their light absorption in the NIR-II range. We also found that the light absorption depends less on the polarization of the excited light compared to standard torus-shaped nanoparticles. Based on our findings, we believe that toroidal nanoframes have strong light absorption characteristics, making them excellent candidates for use in medical applications.</p>

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Geometric Representation of Tori-Based Nanoframes for Robust Resonance in NIR-II: A Numerical Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Fatema Abdullah Alali

摘要

Au nanoframes can be useful for delivering drugs and treating cancer using heat. Their unique properties allow them to absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) range, which is good for medical applications. Photothermal therapy using Au nanoframes is popular because it is affordable, non-toxic, and does not harm healthy cells. The properties of these nanoframes can be adjusted by changing their thickness to achieve the desired NIR absorption. However, when creating these frames, or if too many are present during resonance, the small corners of cubic nanoframes may bend. This bending can lead to unwanted changes in size and structure, shifting the light absorption away from the target NIR range. Research shows that spherical nanoframes are more sensitive to changes in structure than cubic ones. Thus, a cubic nanoframe designed for a specific light absorption may experience undesired shifts because of curved edges and structural changes. To address these issues, we suggest using toroidal gold nanoframes with curved edges. Their design emphasizes the thickness parameter and is based on the porosity related to the particle structure. We simulate their light absorption using COMSOL Multiphysics to optimize their thickness for achieving light absorption in the NIR-II range (1000–1400 nm). Unlike cubic and spherical frames that require adjustments in both thickness and porosity, toroidal frames can be fine-tuned simply by altering their thickness. This reduces the risk of undesirable shifts in light absorption due to changes in porosity. Additionally, the curved design of toroidal nanoframes makes them less likely to deform at sharp edges, a common problem with cubic frames. We present three designs of toroidal Au nanoframes: double perpendicular tori (DPT), triple crossed tori (TCT), and triple perpendicular tori (TPT). Our results show that adjusting these shapes’ thickness primarily determines their light absorption in the NIR-II range. We also found that the light absorption depends less on the polarization of the excited light compared to standard torus-shaped nanoparticles. Based on our findings, we believe that toroidal nanoframes have strong light absorption characteristics, making them excellent candidates for use in medical applications.