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<p>This pragmatic study aims to synthesize nanoparticles from three noble metal elements as a core@shell of gold, silver, and palladium, and to study their optical, structural, and morphological properties, as well as to study the effect of these nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. A 532&#xa0;nm Nd: YAG laser was used, and various durations of 10, 15, 20, and 25&#xa0;min, at a repetition rate of 4&#xa0;Hz and 1500&#xa0;mJ energy, ablated the targets immersed in 10&#xa0;ml of deionized water. The results of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed that the colloidal nanoparticles of gold, silver, and palladium have surface plasmon resonances at 486, 510, 511, and 516&#xa0;nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited the significant climax peaks at 2θ values of 38.6°, 44.7°, 64.8°, and 78.4°, and indicates that the nanoparticles have a cubic crystal structure that complies with the JCPDS. On the other hand, the analysis of the energy dispersive X-ray and the existence of pure nanoparticles was an affirmation. Furthermore, the field emission scanning electron microscope images showed crystalline core–shell nanoparticles, and the particle size was between 27 and 31&#xa0;nm, agreeing with the results of the transmission electron microscopy, which explained that the nanoparticles have a double core of gold and silver and a shell of palladium. It was found that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria better than when compared to their activity when prepared as bimetallic or monometallic, potentially enabling their use in biomedical applications. According to the literature, this is the first time that the preparation of three nanoparticles of noble metals of gold, silver, and palladium as core–shell in deionized water using the pulsed laser ablation method has been reported.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of the Optical, Structural, and Morphological Properties of Triple Au@Ag@Pd Core@Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by the PLAL Technique for Antibacterial Agent Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Zahraa Sahib Shanon,
  • Mushtaq Talib Al-Helaly

摘要

This pragmatic study aims to synthesize nanoparticles from three noble metal elements as a core@shell of gold, silver, and palladium, and to study their optical, structural, and morphological properties, as well as to study the effect of these nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. A 532 nm Nd: YAG laser was used, and various durations of 10, 15, 20, and 25 min, at a repetition rate of 4 Hz and 1500 mJ energy, ablated the targets immersed in 10 ml of deionized water. The results of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed that the colloidal nanoparticles of gold, silver, and palladium have surface plasmon resonances at 486, 510, 511, and 516 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited the significant climax peaks at 2θ values of 38.6°, 44.7°, 64.8°, and 78.4°, and indicates that the nanoparticles have a cubic crystal structure that complies with the JCPDS. On the other hand, the analysis of the energy dispersive X-ray and the existence of pure nanoparticles was an affirmation. Furthermore, the field emission scanning electron microscope images showed crystalline core–shell nanoparticles, and the particle size was between 27 and 31 nm, agreeing with the results of the transmission electron microscopy, which explained that the nanoparticles have a double core of gold and silver and a shell of palladium. It was found that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria better than when compared to their activity when prepared as bimetallic or monometallic, potentially enabling their use in biomedical applications. According to the literature, this is the first time that the preparation of three nanoparticles of noble metals of gold, silver, and palladium as core–shell in deionized water using the pulsed laser ablation method has been reported.

Graphical Abstract