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<p>Synthetic dyes, including indigo carmine (IC), are significant pollutants primarily because of their toxicity and resistance to conventional degradation methods. This study investigates the potential of ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for the degradation of indigo carmine under UV light. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple water-based precipitation method and characterized via SEM, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation was optimized by adjusting experimental parameters such as the amount of catalyst, dye concentration, pH, and light intensity. The reduction rates for decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) at the optimized operational conditions (pH 11, 32.3 W/m<sup>2</sup> light intensity, and 0.75&#xa0;g/L ZnO) are 92% and 74%, respectively. The photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reusable ZnO catalyst experienced reduced efficiency. These findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles may offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment, with potential enhancements in catalyst reusability.</p>

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of Experimental Parameters and Kinetic Degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Rand Saad Ahmed,
  • Hayder Mahmood Hameed,
  • Mohammed Waleed Muayad,
  • Chra Najm Salih,
  • Uday M. Nayef,
  • Azhar Ahmed Abed,
  • Adnan Mohammed Hussien,
  • Afrah Awad

摘要

Synthetic dyes, including indigo carmine (IC), are significant pollutants primarily because of their toxicity and resistance to conventional degradation methods. This study investigates the potential of ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for the degradation of indigo carmine under UV light. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple water-based precipitation method and characterized via SEM, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation was optimized by adjusting experimental parameters such as the amount of catalyst, dye concentration, pH, and light intensity. The reduction rates for decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) at the optimized operational conditions (pH 11, 32.3 W/m2 light intensity, and 0.75 g/L ZnO) are 92% and 74%, respectively. The photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reusable ZnO catalyst experienced reduced efficiency. These findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles may offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment, with potential enhancements in catalyst reusability.