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<p>Graphene-based metasurfaces exhibit unique electrical and optical properties that make them highly suitable for high-sensitivity refractive index sensors. This study simulates a terahertz (THz) refractive index sensor based on a graphene-infused metasurface. The dual-peak absorption sensor concept achieves nearly 100% absorption efficiency across the terahertz frequency range of 2.2462 to 3.5436 THz for various refractive indices in the surrounding dielectric environment. Simulation studies indicate that this sensor outperforms traditional sensors, and boasting Peak 2 exhibits high sensitivity values, reaching 1.209 THz/RIU with a quality factor of 8.75, highlighting its capability to detect minor refractive index changes with precision. Meanwhile, the stability in <i>Q</i>-factor trends, particularly at Peak 1, ensures reliability and consistent performance in sensing applications. The remarkable sensitivity is attributed to significant electromagnetic field enhancement and the tunable nature of graphene, allowing precise control over the sensor’s performance. The sensor’s exceptional sensitivity and innovative design make it a valuable tool for advancing THz sensing and expanding its applications in various scientific and industrial fields, including bioassays for measuring proteins, viruses, cancer cells, and their markers, showing immense promise.</p>

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Graphene-Infused Terahertz Metasurfaces for High-Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensing with Dual-Peak Absorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • N. Ashok Kumar,
  • B. Rama Devi,
  • Krishna Bhimaavarapu

摘要

Graphene-based metasurfaces exhibit unique electrical and optical properties that make them highly suitable for high-sensitivity refractive index sensors. This study simulates a terahertz (THz) refractive index sensor based on a graphene-infused metasurface. The dual-peak absorption sensor concept achieves nearly 100% absorption efficiency across the terahertz frequency range of 2.2462 to 3.5436 THz for various refractive indices in the surrounding dielectric environment. Simulation studies indicate that this sensor outperforms traditional sensors, and boasting Peak 2 exhibits high sensitivity values, reaching 1.209 THz/RIU with a quality factor of 8.75, highlighting its capability to detect minor refractive index changes with precision. Meanwhile, the stability in Q-factor trends, particularly at Peak 1, ensures reliability and consistent performance in sensing applications. The remarkable sensitivity is attributed to significant electromagnetic field enhancement and the tunable nature of graphene, allowing precise control over the sensor’s performance. The sensor’s exceptional sensitivity and innovative design make it a valuable tool for advancing THz sensing and expanding its applications in various scientific and industrial fields, including bioassays for measuring proteins, viruses, cancer cells, and their markers, showing immense promise.