<p>Plasmonic metasurface-generated vortex beams (VBs) exhibit the remarkable ability to convey a significant volume of information, leveraging their unique helical phase wavefront and infinite eigenstates. With highly integrated characteristics and unique optical properties, plasmonic metasurfaces provide an excellent platform for optical communication and operation, driving the development of intricate nanostructures. However, the multiplexing of arbitrary-order VBs and their superposition remains a dynamic and formidable challenge in nanophotonic research. This paper proposes a single-layer metallic porous metasurface structure designed for the infrared spectrum, leveraging photonic spin–orbit interaction (PSOI) and optimizing the geometric phase of its V-shaped base element configuration. The refined spin-vortex conversion effect supports the generation of VBs spanning from the first to the eighth order, exhibiting ultra-high proportion and resolution in the transmitted light. Furthermore, leveraging on the orthogonality among various orders of VBs, this study demonstrates high-purity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_3014_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="11" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$>$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>></mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 80%) concentric multi-channel VBs arrays (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_3014_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$l=2, 6$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_3014_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$l=4, 8$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), along with a quad-channel coupling scheme (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_3014_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$l=\pm 1,\pm 2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_3014_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$l=\pm 2,\pm 4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), thereby enhancing information capacity and reducing crosstalk in optical communication systems. These multiplexing methods not only provide promising applications in communication systems and integrated optics but also pave the way for high-density data transmission and robust optical encryption.</p>

Tailoring Vortex Beams Scattering Characteristics Based on Plasmonic Metasurfaces

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发表日期：

2025年5月15日

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Xinyu Ma,
Qing’an Sun,
Li Chao,
Hang Yu,
Lixia Yang

摘要

Plasmonic metasurface-generated vortex beams (VBs) exhibit the remarkable ability to convey a significant volume of information, leveraging their unique helical phase wavefront and infinite eigenstates. With highly integrated characteristics and unique optical properties, plasmonic metasurfaces provide an excellent platform for optical communication and operation, driving the development of intricate nanostructures. However, the multiplexing of arbitrary-order VBs and their superposition remains a dynamic and formidable challenge in nanophotonic research. This paper proposes a single-layer metallic porous metasurface structure designed for the infrared spectrum, leveraging photonic spin–orbit interaction (PSOI) and optimizing the geometric phase of its V-shaped base element configuration. The refined spin-vortex conversion effect supports the generation of VBs spanning from the first to the eighth order, exhibiting ultra-high proportion and resolution in the transmitted light. Furthermore, leveraging on the orthogonality among various orders of VBs, this study demonstrates high-purity ( $>$ $>$ 80%) concentric multi-channel VBs arrays ( $l=2, 6$ $l = 2, 6$ ) and ( $l=4, 8$ $l = 4, 8$ ), along with a quad-channel coupling scheme ( $l=\pm 1,\pm 2$ $l = \pm 1, \pm 2$ and $l=\pm 2,\pm 4$ $l = \pm 2, \pm 4$ ), thereby enhancing information capacity and reducing crosstalk in optical communication systems. These multiplexing methods not only provide promising applications in communication systems and integrated optics but also pave the way for high-density data transmission and robust optical encryption.