In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were generated by utilizing fungal extract from Aspergillus fumigatus KY486782 (BTCC10). Subsequently, three variables were optimized, i.e., substrate concentration (1 and 3 mM), temperature (30 and 50 °C) and pH (5 and 7). The production of AuNPs was verified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer that exposed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands from 500–545 nm, whereas their conformation was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) presenting spherical-shaped NPs after being optimized. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed for the evaluation of the size of the AuNPs which varied between (22.42 ± 0.08c nm and 286.3 ± 0.08a nm) with 100% distribution. The smallest size was formed after optimizing pH 7 (22.42 ± 0.08c nm) within 40 min. The stability of the NPs was measured using a zeta sizer, possessing a zeta potential of −21.41 mV, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) authenticated AuNP’s crystalline nature. Hence, the optimization conditions for AuNPs were established at 1 mM substrate concentration, while temperature was maintained at 30 °C, whereas pH was kept at 7. Later on, the antibacterial characteristics of AuNPs were also inspected against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BTCB01), Staphylococcus aureus (BTCB02), Escherichia coli (BTCB03), and Bacillus subtilis (BTCB12) multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains with varying concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 µg/mL with kanamycin (control). The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12.5 ± 0.14b mm at 40 µg/mL was noted against Escherichia coli; that signified efficacy of the AuNPs which can benefit the medical sector in upcoming years. Afterwards, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay was also conducted to analyze anticancer ability of AuNPs on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line “HepG2” with varying intensities (50 to 200 µg/mL), followed by synergistic study with Cisplatin and without it as well. Lowest cell viability (24%) was recorded with 200 µg/mL and 13% with combinatorial experiments, which verifies that AuNPs can be used in various cancer therapies in future. Outcome depicted that synergistic study together with AuNPs and Cisplatin, enhanced cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells in contrast to only drug (Cisplatin), whereas the lethal concentration (LC50) for AuNPs was calculated to be 98.31 ± 1.24 μg/mL. Later, stability of the AuNPs was also evaluated for a period of 6 months, and its SPR band retained its position that is significant and certifies that these AuNPs can be used in various applications, subsequently it was upscaled up till 2 L.

Myco-engineered Gold Nanoparticles and Their Employment as Biomedical Agents and Upscaling

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年3月17日

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Asma Shahzad,
Mehwish Iqtedar

摘要

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were generated by utilizing fungal extract from Aspergillus fumigatus KY486782 (BTCC10). Subsequently, three variables were optimized, i.e., substrate concentration (1 and 3 mM), temperature (30 and 50 °C) and pH (5 and 7). The production of AuNPs was verified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer that exposed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands from 500–545 nm, whereas their conformation was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) presenting spherical-shaped NPs after being optimized. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed for the evaluation of the size of the AuNPs which varied between (22.42 ± 0.08^c nm and 286.3 ± 0.08^a nm) with 100% distribution. The smallest size was formed after optimizing pH 7 (22.42 ± 0.08^c nm) within 40 min. The stability of the NPs was measured using a zeta sizer, possessing a zeta potential of −21.41 mV, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) authenticated AuNP’s crystalline nature. Hence, the optimization conditions for AuNPs were established at 1 mM substrate concentration, while temperature was maintained at 30 °C, whereas pH was kept at 7. Later on, the antibacterial characteristics of AuNPs were also inspected against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BTCB01), Staphylococcus aureus (BTCB02), Escherichia coli (BTCB03), and Bacillus subtilis (BTCB12) multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains with varying concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 µg/mL with kanamycin (control). The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12.5 ± 0.14^b mm at 40 µg/mL was noted against Escherichia coli; that signified efficacy of the AuNPs which can benefit the medical sector in upcoming years. Afterwards, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay was also conducted to analyze anticancer ability of AuNPs on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line “HepG2” with varying intensities (50 to 200 µg/mL), followed by synergistic study with Cisplatin and without it as well. Lowest cell viability (24%) was recorded with 200 µg/mL and 13% with combinatorial experiments, which verifies that AuNPs can be used in various cancer therapies in future. Outcome depicted that synergistic study together with AuNPs and Cisplatin, enhanced cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells in contrast to only drug (Cisplatin), whereas the lethal concentration (LC50) for AuNPs was calculated to be 98.31 ± 1.24 μg/mL. Later, stability of the AuNPs was also evaluated for a period of 6 months, and its SPR band retained its position that is significant and certifies that these AuNPs can be used in various applications, subsequently it was upscaled up till 2 L.