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<p>A novel graphene structure with graphene strips and a hexagon pattern is proposed to obtain the quadruple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) through the bright-bright mode coupling mechanism. The coupled mode theory (CMT) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method are employed to investigate the performances. Interestingly, when the polarized angle of the incident light is manipulated, the quadruple PIT effects would decrease slowly, leading to a newly generated PIT window, of which the polarization extinction ratio (PER) is up to 11.74&#xa0;dB. Additionally, the proposed structure demonstrates other remarkable properties, such as the multi-channel optical switching effects, which provide a high maximum modulation depth (MD) of 83.2% and a low minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.26&#xa0;dB by changing the Fermi level. In addition, the sensitivity is up to 1.86 THz/RIU, showing a fascinating prospect in the refractive index sensing area. Besides, the slow light effect, of which the phase shift and the group delay are up to 0.881 and 0.961&#xa0;ps, respectively, with the group refractive up to 902, is also analyzed in detail. Thus, the design concept of the proposed structure might promote the development of polarization modulators, multi-channel optical switching devices, sensors, and slow light devices.</p>

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Graphene-Metamaterial Quadruple PIT: Polarization, Sensing, and Slow Light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月15日

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  • Zherui Cui,
  • Runming Liu,
  • Kunhua Wen,
  • Haopeng Lv,
  • Haolin Wu,
  • Wenfeng Che,
  • Ruyao Fang,
  • Chenyang Liu,
  • Weiheng Yuan,
  • Jiahao Huang

摘要

A novel graphene structure with graphene strips and a hexagon pattern is proposed to obtain the quadruple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) through the bright-bright mode coupling mechanism. The coupled mode theory (CMT) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method are employed to investigate the performances. Interestingly, when the polarized angle of the incident light is manipulated, the quadruple PIT effects would decrease slowly, leading to a newly generated PIT window, of which the polarization extinction ratio (PER) is up to 11.74 dB. Additionally, the proposed structure demonstrates other remarkable properties, such as the multi-channel optical switching effects, which provide a high maximum modulation depth (MD) of 83.2% and a low minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.26 dB by changing the Fermi level. In addition, the sensitivity is up to 1.86 THz/RIU, showing a fascinating prospect in the refractive index sensing area. Besides, the slow light effect, of which the phase shift and the group delay are up to 0.881 and 0.961 ps, respectively, with the group refractive up to 902, is also analyzed in detail. Thus, the design concept of the proposed structure might promote the development of polarization modulators, multi-channel optical switching devices, sensors, and slow light devices.