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<p>Typhoid and dengue fever are endemic diseases caused by a bacterium and a virus, respectively. Notably, these two diseases share some common symptoms including high fever, weakness, rash, headache, and joint and muscle pain which makes them difficult to be diagnosed efficiently. The mortality rate is increasing day by day and a more effective method is required for diagnosis of these two pathological conditions. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used for the identification and characterization of blood serum samples of dengue and typhoid patients, and significant SERS spectral features are identified which indicate differences in the associated biochemical changes hence differentiate these two diseases. The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are used as SERS substrates for the analysis of clinically verified blood serum samples of dengue and typhoid fever. Different SERS spectral peaks are identified at wavenumber values of 429, 506, 567, 596, 636, 701, 766, 932, 988, 1072, 1206, 1239, 1262, and 1452&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> which help to classify the blood samples of dengue and typhoid fever. Multivariate chemometric techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), are employed for SERS analysis spectral data analysis in order to differentiate and classify these two diseases sharing some common symptoms explaining the excellent potential of SERS for their effective and early diagnosis.</p>

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SERS-Based Serological Profiling of Dengue and Typhoid Fever Advancing Infectious Disease Diagnostics Using PCA and PLS-DA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Muhammad Zeshan Khalil,
  • Rabia Tariq,
  • Muhammad Irfan Majeed,
  • Haq Nawaz,
  • Najah Alwadie,
  • Hira Shafique,
  • Muhammad Ali,
  • Irhum Liaqat,
  • Fatima Khalid,
  • Rimsha Tahir,
  • Muhammad Imran

摘要

Typhoid and dengue fever are endemic diseases caused by a bacterium and a virus, respectively. Notably, these two diseases share some common symptoms including high fever, weakness, rash, headache, and joint and muscle pain which makes them difficult to be diagnosed efficiently. The mortality rate is increasing day by day and a more effective method is required for diagnosis of these two pathological conditions. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used for the identification and characterization of blood serum samples of dengue and typhoid patients, and significant SERS spectral features are identified which indicate differences in the associated biochemical changes hence differentiate these two diseases. The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are used as SERS substrates for the analysis of clinically verified blood serum samples of dengue and typhoid fever. Different SERS spectral peaks are identified at wavenumber values of 429, 506, 567, 596, 636, 701, 766, 932, 988, 1072, 1206, 1239, 1262, and 1452 cm−1 which help to classify the blood samples of dengue and typhoid fever. Multivariate chemometric techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), are employed for SERS analysis spectral data analysis in order to differentiate and classify these two diseases sharing some common symptoms explaining the excellent potential of SERS for their effective and early diagnosis.