<p>The Bronze Age site of Naru Waro Dhoro is located on a palaeochannel of the Indus River in the Khairpur district of Sindh, Pakistan. During recent field activities at the site, three key observations were made. First, a thick deposit of cultural material was found directly over the ancient riverbed of this palaeochannel. Second, the presence of differently coloured vegetation was observed over an extensive area of approximately 600 hectares (ha), covering both sides of the waterway. Third, consistent with previous excavations, no permanent structures were noted. These three clues mark the existence of wharf facilities at the site; although typical architectural features of specialised inland ports are not visible on the surface. Further evidence, including a variety of terracotta pottery and precious metals from excavations conducted in 1935 and 1955, as well as comparable antiquities from recent fieldwork, have dated the site to the prehistoric and protohistoric Indus periods. The site’s location on the Khairpur palaeochannel, which connects the wider Indus river system, and depictions of flat-bottomed boats on Indus seals, indicates its integration into interregional riverine networks and broader seafaring routes. This paper presents the study through five topics. The first is an introduction that compares past and present cultural practices and describes the Indus geography and riverine routes. The second is a review of previous studies, focusing on gaps in the interpretation of excavated data. The third covers recent field activities and the collected comparable data. The fourth presents a discussion of the findings, leading to key deductions and the fifth offers a summary of the results and conclusions. Ultimately, this study posits that Naru Waro Dhoro was one of the largest commercial centres, playing a crucial role in the growth of the Harappan Civilization, especially during its regionalisation phase.</p>

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Bronze Age Trade Through River Networks: A Wharf Evidence from Naru Waro Dhoro, on the Indus Palaeochannel at Khairpur in Sindh, Pakistan

  • Mueezuddin Hakal,
  • Mehar Ali,
  • Waqar Ali Chang

摘要

The Bronze Age site of Naru Waro Dhoro is located on a palaeochannel of the Indus River in the Khairpur district of Sindh, Pakistan. During recent field activities at the site, three key observations were made. First, a thick deposit of cultural material was found directly over the ancient riverbed of this palaeochannel. Second, the presence of differently coloured vegetation was observed over an extensive area of approximately 600 hectares (ha), covering both sides of the waterway. Third, consistent with previous excavations, no permanent structures were noted. These three clues mark the existence of wharf facilities at the site; although typical architectural features of specialised inland ports are not visible on the surface. Further evidence, including a variety of terracotta pottery and precious metals from excavations conducted in 1935 and 1955, as well as comparable antiquities from recent fieldwork, have dated the site to the prehistoric and protohistoric Indus periods. The site’s location on the Khairpur palaeochannel, which connects the wider Indus river system, and depictions of flat-bottomed boats on Indus seals, indicates its integration into interregional riverine networks and broader seafaring routes. This paper presents the study through five topics. The first is an introduction that compares past and present cultural practices and describes the Indus geography and riverine routes. The second is a review of previous studies, focusing on gaps in the interpretation of excavated data. The third covers recent field activities and the collected comparable data. The fourth presents a discussion of the findings, leading to key deductions and the fifth offers a summary of the results and conclusions. Ultimately, this study posits that Naru Waro Dhoro was one of the largest commercial centres, playing a crucial role in the growth of the Harappan Civilization, especially during its regionalisation phase.